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A Convergent Parallel Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes of Mainstream Workers during COVID-19

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: A Convergent Parallel Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes of Mainstream Workers during COVID-19 Authors: Alshammari, Farhan; Mostoles Jr., Romeo; Pasay-an, Eddieson; Alshammari, Sultan Abstract: A Convergent Parallel Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes of Mainstream Workers during COVID-19 Farhan Alshammari 1 , Romeo Mostoles Jr. 1 , Eddieson Pasay-an 1* , Sultan Alshammari 2 1 College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail City 2240, Saudi Arabia 2 Ministry of Health, Hail City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abs tra c t Background: This study explores and assesses the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of mainstream workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ha’il Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Using convergent parallel mixed-methods design, 502 frontline workers were enlisted via snowball and purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results: There is a well-prepared response to COVID-19, namely, a commendable knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) gap documented in reliable information concerning the virus, specifically, awareness that COVID-19 can be a potentially fatal disease (100%); that droplets from infected people (29.8%) can spread the disease; and taking actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community can save their lives. Four themes and three subthemes yielded: (1) actual, tangible knowledge with subtheme pieces of information; (2) the extent of danger with subtheme uncertainties; (3) precautionary measures; and (4) a yearning to know more, with the subtheme of novel information. Conclusions: Communication among health authorities and at-risk individuals in response to COVID-19 must be facilitated. This is to support those in the healthcare industry in shaping an intervention strategy that emphasizes both preparation and protection. K e ywo rds : attitudes, communication, COVID-19, pandemic, perceptions, Saudi Arabia

Comparative Analysis of Proteomics Biomarkers Associated with Residual Ridge Resorption Induced by Denture Wear

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Comparative Analysis of Proteomics Biomarkers Associated with Residual Ridge Resorption Induced by Denture Wear Authors: Ahmad, Rohana; Sofia Mohamad Napi, Ainin; Wah Lim, Tong; Keng Tan, Su; Anuar Karsani, Saiful; Mazlan, Musalmah; Kek Teh, Lay; M. Morgano, Steven; Z. Babac, Nadim Abstract: Comparative Analysis of Proteomics Biomarkers Associated with Residual Ridge Resorption Induced by Denture Wear Rohana Ahmad , Saiful Anuar Karsani 1,2* , Ainin Sofia Mohamad Napi 1 , Tong Wah Lim 1 , Su Keng Tan 3 , Nadim Z. Baba 4 , Musalmah Mazlan 5 , Lay Kek Teh 2 , Steven M. Morgano 6 7 1 Center of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor 47000, Malaysia 2 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor 42300, Malaysia 3 Centre of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 5 Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor 47000, Malaysia 6 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, New Jersey 07103, United States 7 Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, California 92350, United States Abs tra c t Background: The biochemical bone turnover markers for residual ridge resorption (RRR) are unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the biochemical bone turnover markers associated with RRR by comparing proteomics between the compressed mucosa of denture wearers and the non-compressed mucosa of non-denture wearers. Methods: The mucosal specimens of 11 complete-denture wearers were obtained from the alveolar ridge during surgical implant exposure for implant-retained overdentures. All denture wearers had been edentulous and worn dentures for at least 5 years. The tissues of 11 non-denture wearers were taken from the ridge during minor preprosthetic surgery. The mucosal proteins were extracted, purified, precipitated, and subsequently separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for comparative proteomics. Differentially expressed proteins between the groups were analyzed by ANOVA using Progenesis SameSpots software. Results: Comparative proteomics analysis showed significant upregulation of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78; +2.2 fold, p = 0.015) and lumican (+1.8 fold, p = 0.005), as well as significant downregulation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27; −1.9 fold, p = 0.029) in the denture group. Conclusions: Differential expression of the biochemical bone turnover markers of GRP78, lumican, and HSP27 may occur as a result of denture pressure on the mucosa. These markers may play important roles in RRR. K e ywo rds : bone resorption, dentures, mouth mucosa, proteomics

Alveolar Bone Loss Analysis on Dental Digital Radiography Image

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Alveolar Bone Loss Analysis on Dental Digital Radiography Image Authors: Karina Fitriananda, Aulia; Kiswanjaya, Bramma; H. Bachtiar-Iskandar, Hanna Abstract: Alveolar Bone Loss Analysis on Dental Digital Radiography Image Aulia Karina Fitriananda , Bramma Kiswanjaya , Hanna H. Bachtiar-Iskandar * Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia Abs tra c t Background: Periodontal disease is the second most common tooth and mouth disease in Indonesia. Moreover, radiographic examination is the most useful tool to evaluate alveolar bone loss and diagnose periodontal diseases. This study aimed to analyze radiographically the relationship between alveolar bone loss and age among patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: A total of 192 digital periapical images of patients aged 25–40 years were collected. Four regions were selected, including the maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary and mandibular first molars. Alveolar bone loss was measured in the mesial and distal surfaces. Results: The mean and standard deviation for alveolar bone loss in age categories 1 (age 25–32 years) and 2 (age 33–40 years) were 4.03 ± 1.46 and 5.23 ± 2.5 (mm), respectively. Alveolar bone loss demonstrated a significant relationship with patient’s age (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U test). Conclusions: The mean and standard deviation of alveolar bone loss reduction in patients with chronic periodontitis was 4.87 ± 0.2 (mm). The alveolar bone loss on the mandibular central incisors’ mesial surface is the highest among other regions. K e ywo rds : alveolar bone loss, chronic periodontitis, dental digital radiography

The Pharyngeal Airways of Patients with Class II Malocclusion: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: The Pharyngeal Airways of Patients with Class II Malocclusion: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis Authors: Ay Ünüvar, Yazgı; Bilgiç Zortuk, Fundagül; Özer, Törün; Beycan, Kadir Abstract: The Pharyngeal Airways of Patients with Class II Malocclusion: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis Yazgı Ay Ünüvar 1* , Fundagül Bilgiç Zortuk 2 , Törün Özer 3 , Kadir Beycan 4 1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09010, Turkey 2 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31070, Turkey 3 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir 35340, Turkey 4 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey Abs tra c t Background: This study aimed to compare the minimum axial (min Ax) area and the volumes of the nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) airways of patients with Class II malocclusion with different sagittal positions of the mandible and maxilla and patients with Class I malocclusion with normal jaw positions. Methods: Airway areas and volumes of 51 patients with Class I malocclusion with normal maxillary and mandibular positions (0 < ANB < 4, 84 > SNA > 80, and 82 > SNB > 78) were compared with 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with normal maxillary and retrognathic mandibular positions (ANB>4, 84>SNA>80, and SNB<78) and 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with prognathic maxillary and normal mandibular positions (ANB>4, SNA>84, and 82>SNB>78). Results: In the comparison of airway measurements between Class I and Class II groups, significant differences were found in the OP airway volume, total airway volume, and minimum OP axial area. Patients with Class II mandibular retrusion had smaller OP airway volume. The total airway volume and min Ax area were significantly lower in the Class II mandibular retrusion group than in other groups. Conclusions: The sagittal position of the jaws affects the OP airway volume and the minimum axial airway area, but not the NP airway volume. K e ywo rds : cone-beam computed tomography, mandibular retrusion, obstructive sleep apnea