http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10473 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 21:02:19 GMT 2026-04-14T21:02:19Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10513 Title: Acute oral toxicity test and determination of lethal dose (LD50) of Garcinia forbesii King leaf extract in wistar rats Authors: Rudiansyah, Mohammad; Rosida, Azma; Kania, Nia; Riza Devi, Wivina; Nirmalasari, Nila Abstract: Garcinia forbesii King, an endemic plant from Sumatra and Kalimantan, is traditionally used for treating skin infections and inflammation. Its potential use as a raw material for medicines needs to be supported by safety tests. The purpose of this study is to assess the acute toxicity of its 70% leaf extract in male Wistar rats, evaluating clinical symptoms, body weight changes, organ indices, and the lethal dose (LD50). The study administered extract doses orally at 5 (G2), 50 (G3), 300 (G4), and 2,000 (G5) mg/kg BW, monitoring toxicity signs over 14 days. Symptoms such as piloerection, respiratory distress, and soft feces were noted. Significant weight loss was observed at doses of 2,000 mg/kg BW. There was no significant effect on the kidney index, but the liver and heart indices exhibited significantly lower changes compared to the control. The LD50 value was estimated to be between 2,000-5,000 mg/kg BW. Further studies are recommended to assess histopathological effects and identify harmful chemicals in the plant. Keywords: Garcinia forbesii King, acute toxicity test, lethal dose, LD50, methanol Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10513 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10512 Title: Antioxidant and antiinflammatory of clove extract (Syzigium aromaticum) in skeletal muscle damage Authors: Sari Ratna Ningrum, Tyas; Risty Wardhani, Riska; Sugihartini, Nining Abstract: Clove extract is a natural ingredient abundant in Indonesia that has various benefits, including being an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Although Research has been conducted, it has been limited to discussing the effects of clove extract on muscle damage. This study aims to determine the effect of clove extract on skeletal muscle damage due to excessive eccentric exercise in mice. We used experimental research methods by a post-test only with control group design. Fifteen male mice were randomized into 5 groups. Group I: Normal control, Group II: Negative control, treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, treatment group with a dose of 150 mg/kg BW, and treatment group with a dose of 250 mg/kg BW. Measurement of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase (NOX) and Toll Like Receptor4 (TLR 4) levels were carried out using the ELISA method via Quadriceps muscle samples, and skeletal muscle damage was viewed through an x1000 light microscope. The results of this study carried out using ANOVA showed results of p 0.004 and 0.006, which means that there was a decrease in oxidative stress as measured using NOX and a decrease in the inflammatory stimulator TLR 4 in skeletal muscle damage due to eccentric exercise.ANOVA test results show that there are differences in influence between treatment groups and show that clove extract has benefits as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in muscle damage. According to this study, clove extract has the potential to be an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory which can reduce NOX levels and reduce the inflammatory, mediator TLR4 in muscle damage caused by excessive eccentric exercise. . Keywords: clove extract, NOX, TLR4, muscle damage, antioxidant, antiinflammatory Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10512 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10511 Title: The phytochemical and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Laportea decumana and Laportea aestuans Authors: Vicariat Siahaya, Esty; Betty Elok Kristiani, Elizabeth; Kasmiyati, Sri Abstract: Plants have been an important medicinal resource for centuries, offering a rich source of bioactive compounds used in traditional and modern medicine. This study aims to analyze the comparison between Laportea decumana and Laportea aestuans, focusing on the two main aspects, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity. The extraction of the maceration process uses ethanol 96% as the solvent at room temperature for 72 hours. The qualitative phytochemical analysis uses HCl and FeCl3 0.1% reagents to determine flavonoids and phenolic compounds, respectively. The quantitative analysis of total flavonoid content is measured using colorimetric AlCl₃ method, while the determination of phenolic compounds is performed by the Folin-Ciocalteu. The diffusion method is used to determine the antibacterial activity. The 96% ethanol extract of L. decumana leaves has higher flavonoids (69.4 mg GAE/g extract) than phenolics (55.1 mg QE/g extract). However, the L. aestuans has higher phenolic content (55.3 mg QE/g extract) than flavonoids (35.3 mg GAE/g extract). The antibacterial test using agar diffusion method shows that both extracts inhibited the growth of pure strains of E. coli ATCC and S. aureus ATCC, with different potencies. The L. decumana extract showed 1.5 times stronger activity than the L. aestuans extract on the growth inhibitory activity against E. coli bacteria. The results show that the relationship between the antibacterial activity and the phytochemical profile against E. coli is strong but weak against S. aureus. Keywords: Phytochemistry, antibacterial, Laportea decumana, Laportea aestuans Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10511 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10510 Title: Na-CMC and glycerine optimization in Binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) liposome gel and its burn wound healing activity Authors: Immanuel, Handika; Epiphania Adhika Branitasandini, Regina; Augusto Arpan, Verdynant; Pebrianty, Sahara; Kerenhapukh, Miracle; Ayu Kusuma Wardhani, Kresentia; Hartati Yuliani, Sri Abstract: Burns represent a critical global health issue, contributing to considerable morbidity and mortality rates, particularly within the Southeast Asian region. The administration of appropriate burn therapy is essential to prevent infections and promote effective wound healing. The binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia) represents a highly promising natural substance for burn therapy, attributed to its ursolic acid content, which is acknowledged for its wound healing properties. However, the limitation caused by its limited solubility and bioavailibility requires the use of nanoparticle technology, such as liposomes, to enhance its efficacy. The aim of this research was to determine an optimal formulation of gel containing liposome-encapsulated binahong leaf extract, with the goal of promoting burn wound healing and examining its in vivo wound healing activity. Histological analysis was employed to provide additional insights into the activity of the gel. The formulation was assessed through a factorial design, exploring various amounts of Na-CMC utilized as a gelling agent alongside glycerine employed as a humectant. The results were subsequently analyzed utilizing Design Expert v13 software. The gel’s viscosity, spreadability, and uniformity were assessed. Na-CMC increased viscosity while reducing spreadability, whereas glycerine had the opposite effect. The optimal formulation contained 2.78–4 g Na-CMC and 5– 10 g glycerine. Statistical validation confirmed the model's accuracy. In vivo studies demonstrated that liposomal binahong gel significantly accelerated burn wound healing compared to controls. The results suggest that 10% binahong liposomal gel is a promising alternative for burn treatment. Keywords: burn treatment, binahong leaf extract, liposome gel, Na-CMC, glycerine, wound healing Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10510 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z