http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10456 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 20:45:15 GMT 2026-04-14T20:45:15Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10472 Title: In silico study of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) compounds from GC-MS and LC-MS/MS as alpha-glucosidase and DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor Authors: Kusriani, Herni; Purwaniati, Purwaniati; Ilham Bintang, Muhamad Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin action. To overcome this disease, some people treat it with natural ingredients. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is reported to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, one of which is anti-diabetic. Sambiloto showed activity in lowering blood glucose which has the potential as an antidiabetic. Computational methods, such as molecular docking, can increase the effectiveness and reduce the cost of searching for new active compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the component compounds contained in the ethanol extract of Sambiloto and obtain the potential compounds to inhibit the alpha-glucosidase and DPP-4 enzymes as anti-diabetics with molecular docking method. Sambiloto leaves were macerated for 3 x 24 hours using ethanol 96% as a solvent and concentrated with an evaporator. Sambiloto extract was analyzed using LC-MS, and GC-MS. In-silico analysis includes geometry optimization and molecular docking methods. Preparation of the test ligands was carried out by the ChemBioDraw Ultra and ChemBio3D applications, then optimization by Gaussian 09 application. The crystal structures of the target proteins used were those with PDB ID 5NN8 for alpha-glucosidase and 2QOE for DPP-4. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock 4.2.3 application. From analysis with LC- MS/MS and GC-MS methods, 18 compounds were identified. Molecular docking was performed on the identified compounds. The results of molecular docking showed that the compound S17 (11-(P- Bromoanilino)-5H-Dibenzo [B,E] [1,4] Diazepine), S1 (andrographolide) and S2 (andrographanin) have the potential to inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase enzyme; on the other hand S17 (11-(P-Bromoanilino)-5H-Dibenzo [B,E][1,4]Diazepine) and S5 (andrographolactone) have the potential to inhibit the activity of DPP-4 enzyme. These compounds have the potential to inhibit alpha- glucosidase and DPP-4 enzymes which act as antidiabetics. . Keywords: alfa-glucosidase, diabetes mellitus, DPP-4, molecular docking, Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10472 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10471 Title: Phytochemical constituent, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Black Soybean (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) ethanol extract Authors: Bambang Sutjiatmo, Afifah; Narvikasari, Suci; Khairunisa Solihat, Ananda; Widowati, Wahyu; Sari Widya Kusuma, Hanna; Haifa Zahiroh, Fadhilah Abstract: Diabetes is characterized as a hyperglycemic condition impacted by β-cell dysfunction and insulin deficiency. Black soybean (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) is widely known as an origin of nutritious food that has shown activities in preventing cardiovascular disease and reducing hyperglycemia. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of black soybeans ethanol extract (BSEE) as an α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity inhibitor. Black soybean seeds were extracted using the Soxhlet method with 50% ethanol as a solvent. The BSEE were screened for the presence of phytochemicals content. Inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was tested in vitro with acarbose as a control. The absorbance measurement was conducted at 565 nm and 400 nm, respectively. BSEE contained alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, quinones, tannins, and terpenoids. The results indicated that BSEE exhibited a weak inhibitory effect of α-amylase enzyme activity, with an IC50 value of 360.37 ± 20.80 μg/mL, in contrast to acarbose, which showed a significantly lower IC50 of 4.02 ± 0.56 μg/mL. Meanwhile, BSEE was classified as an active inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme activity, presenting 25.67 ± 0.27 μg/mL IC50 value, while acarbose demonstrated 10.85 ± 0.5 μg/mL IC50 value. In conclusion, BSEE inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Keywords: α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acarbose, antidiabetic, black soybean (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10471 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10470 Title: DNA-based detection of Rat in the meatballs product using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method Authors: Diah Permanasari, Etin; Sunaryo, Hadi; Putra Wirman, Adia; Rahmadini, Nuriza; Yustinah Aggasy, Savira; Azmah Nikmatullah, Nurul Abstract: The meat-based products are highly susceptible to counterfeiting, primarily due to high consumer demand of meat derivative products, such as meatballs. This demand creates opportunities for food fraud by specific industries, including adulterating meat with non-halal species, such as rats. This research aimed to detect rat meat contamination in meatball samples from the Indonesian local market using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The RT-PCR amplification involved an initial denaturation step at 95°C for 3 minutes, followed by denaturation at 95°C for 15 seconds, and annealing/extension at 60°C for 1 minute. The rat-specific probe primer included in the kit produced an increasing curve in the External Positive Control (EPC) with a Ct value of 27.22, and no amplification occurred in the Negative Control (NTC). The analysis of 30 samples from meatball vendors yielded negative results, as there was no increase in the FAM (rat) curve, indicating that none of the meatballs were contaminated with rat DNA. Keywords: food fraud, meatballs, Rat, Real-time PCR, meat-based products Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10470 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10469 Title: Application of vegetable oils as pharmaceutical ingredient: the impact of liquid lipid type on the characteristics of nanostructured lipid carrier Authors: Binarjo, Annas; Ernidawati, Ernidawati; Wahyuningsih, Iis; Ari Efiana, Nuri Abstract: Recently, drug encapsulation using a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) has gained attention in formulation studies due to its high loading capacity and prevent drug expulsion during storage. Drug loading capacity is mainly affected by lipid type and composition, especially liquid lipids. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the potential of avocado oil as a liquid lipid of NLC replacing pure oleic acid. All components including oil, glyceryl monostearate, Tween 20®, and Span 60® were processed to NLC by solvent injection method. The colloidal characteristics of NLC dispersion in water and 20 mM PBS pH 7 were determined, including transmittance, particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, loading capacity (LC), and loading efficiency (LE) of capsanthin in NLC. The results showed that NLC containing oleic acid (Fola) and avocado oil (Favo) dispersion in PBS exhibited a similar transmittance and zeta potential of 69-74% and -51 to -58 mV, respectively, whereas the particle size and size distribution of Favo were significantly higher than Fola. Moreover, the 1.3-fold higher LC and LE of Favo compared to Fola was insignificant (p>0.05). Additionally, the Tween 20® and Span 60® ratio of Favo should be improved to obtain an ideal particle size and size distribution as in Fola. In conclusion, avocado oil indicated the potential to be utilized as a liquid lipid of NLC formulation regarding zeta potential and drug loading. However, the surfactant composition should be adjusted to reduce the particle size of the NLC, leading to permeability enhancement in delivery, particularly oral administration. Keywords: nanostructured lipid carrier, nanocarrier, avocado oil, vegetable oil application Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10469 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z