http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10327 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 05:33:11 GMT 2026-04-09T05:33:11Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10351 Title: Anti-Ulcer and Antioxidant Activities of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don. Seeds Cotyledons Authors: Ayobami Owolabi, Tunde; Chigozie Okubor, Philippine Abstract: Background: Gastric ulcers are prevalent gastrointestinal disorders with significant global implications owing to their prevalence and potential complications. Side effects associated with synthetic drugs have led to the search for alternative treatments. Chrysophyllum albidum, a plant traditionally used to manage various diseases, has been investigated for its potential to alleviate ulcerative conditions. Methods: This study assessed the efficacy of extracts from C. albidum seed cotyledons in mitigating ethanol- and diclofenac-induced ulcers in rats. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods and antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH scavenging and ABTS+-reducing assays. Results: For ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, extracts at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg produced lesion indices of 7.04 ± 0.44, 5.18 ± 0.38, and 2.53 ± 0.46 mm, respectively, compared to omeprazole's 0.9 ± 1.09 mm. The highest dose showed 87.93% inhibition, which was comparable to that of omeprazole (93.63% inhibition). A similar trend was observed for diclofenac-induced ulcers. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active compounds, such as steroids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant activity results indicated significant free radical scavenging properties, with an IC50 value of 49.24 μg/mL for DPPH and 15.1 μg/mL for ABTS+ at a dose of 400 mg/kg. These findings demonstrate the notable dose-dependent anti-gastritis and anti-ulcer effects of the extract. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of C. albidum seed cotyledons as a valuable candidate for gastroprotective drug development and supports their traditional use in treating and preventing gastritis and gastric ulcers. Keywords: antioxidant, alternative treatment, DPPH, phytochemicals, ulcer Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10351 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10350 Title: Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide (AC) and Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Paclitaxel (AC-T) Chemotherapy at West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital Authors: Lenysia Puspita Anjani, Baiq; Nanda Muriani, Rahma; Nurbaety, Baiq; Leny Nopitasari, Baiq Abstract: Chemotherapy is commonly used to treat breast cancer (BC). Chemotherapy may cause ADRs in patients, affecting their physical and psychological wellbeing. Objective: To understand the adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile in patients with breast cancer who received AC-T and AC chemotherapy at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital. Methods: This observational study used cross-sectional data collected from medical records and direct interviews with the patients between May and June. Probability categories were measured using the Naranjo algorithm questionnaire, causality categories were measured using a causality flowchart, and the severity level of ADRs was determined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 5.0. Results: The probability results for the AC-T regimen were as follows: possible (10 %), probable (54.44 %), and definite (35.56 %). whereas The AC regimen showed categories of possible (6.67%), probable (63.33%), and definite (30%). The causality results for the AC-T regimen were categorized as unlikely (1.11%), possible (12.22%), probable (25.56%), or certain (61.11%), whereas those for the AC regimen were categorized as possible (6.67%), probable (43.33%), or certain (50%). The most common ADRs were alopecia and nausea, with the highest probability in the probable category for AC-T (54.44%) and AC (63.33%), respectively. Conclusion: Respondents who received the AC-T regimen experienced more severe ADRs in terms of hematologic disorders (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia) and symptoms of nausea, pain, and fever than those who received the AC regimen. Keywords: chemotherapy, breast cancer, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), probability, common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10350 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10349 Title: Review: Indole Alkaloids and Antimalarial Activity in the Tabernaemontana Species Authors: Tri Hutami, Anisa; Rudyanto, Marcellino; Ekasari, Wiwied Abstract: Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a highly prevalent and lethal illness that shows persistent ability to develop resistance. Antiplasmodial compounds that are indole-based prevent hemozoin formation, exhibiting efficacy against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium strains. Tabernaemontana is a member of the genus comprised to the Apocynaceae family and has long been known for its efficacy in traditional and herbal tribal medicine. Apocynaceae can be recognized by the existence of indole alkaloids, and Tabernaemontana spp. is widely identifiable for its ability to synthetize a wide variety of indole alkaloids. Objective: This literature review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of indole alkaloid compounds from Tabernaemontana spp. and the effectiveness of Tabernaemontana spp. as antimalarials. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols were followed to explore the PubMed, Sage Journal, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Library databases. Results: 23 publications on the antimalarial activity and indole alkaloids of several species of the genus Tabernaemontana were discovered. Conclusion: Various species of Tabernaemontana contain indole alkaloids, and extracts of the plant or parts of the plant and isolates have weak to strong antimalarial activity. Keywords: antimalarial, indole alkaloid, Tabernaemontana spp., Plasmodium spp. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10349 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10348 Title: Analysis of Cayenne Pepper Fruit (Capsicum frutescens) in Inhibiting HMGCoA Reductase Activity as a Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia Authors: Ode Muh. Albar, La; Tien, Tien; Eso, Amiruddin Abstract: Hypercholesterolemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and its incidence continues to increase. Statins are a group of hypercholesterolemic therapies known to trigger various side effects; therefore, statin alternatives need to be investigated. The cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) contains secondary metabolites that inhibit the activity of cholesterol-forming enzymes (HMG-CoA reductase). Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the ability of C. frutescens fruit to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity to prevent hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This was a true experimental study using a posttest-only control group design. The independent variables were n-hexane, methanol, and ethanol extracts of C. frutescens fruit, each with a concentration of 0.01%, with HMG-CoA reductase activity as the dependent variable. Enzymatic activity was measured enzymatically using spectrometry. Results: The mean values of % inhibition from n-hexane, methanol, and ethanol extracts of C. frutescens and pravastatin were 95.74%, 104.70%, 100.11%, and 99.27%, respectively. The average specific activities of n-hexane, methanol, and ethanol extracts of C. frutescens and pravastatin were 0.5765, 0.6029, 0.5513, and 0.5716 units/mgP, respectively. There was a significant difference between the sample groups in the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was highest in the methanol extract, followed by the n-hexane extracts. The activity of these extracts was higher than that of pravastatin alone. Conclusion: The methanol extract showed the best inhibitory activity. C. frutescens has been shown to have great potential in inhibiting the activity of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase and preventing hypercholesterolemia. Keywords: Capsicum frutescens, HMG-CoA reductase, hypercholesterolemia Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10348 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z