http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9655 2026-04-09T05:13:21Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9667 Title: Optimization of Formula Fast Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) Antacids with Simplex Lattice Design Method Authors: Siswanto, Agus; Himawanti, Nanda Puspita; Khasanah, Fitria Nurrul Abstract: Antacids are compounds that can neutralize stomach acid. Antacid preparations on the market are generally in the form of powders, suspensions, and chewable tablets. However, this dosage form is considered less practical, so an alternative dosage form is needed. FDT antacids are one of the quick-dissolving tablet strategies to neutralize stomach acid. The combination of Avicel PH 101 with a wicking mechanism and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) with swelling action is expected to increase the effectiveness of the super disintegrant. The simplex lattice design method (Design Expert 7.1.5) was used to optimize the super disintegrant of SSG (A) and Avicel PH 101 (B). Tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method in an 8-run formula. The optimum formula for FDT antacids was determined by disintegration time and acid neutralization capacity parameters. The results showed that increasing Avicel PH 101 in combination with SSG decreased the disintegration time and increased the value of the acid neutralization capacity of the FDT antacid. Based on the optimization of the numerical method, the optimum composition of the FDT antacid formula was obtained with a combination of 38 % SSG and 101 % Avicel PH 101. 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9666 Title: Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Leaf Extract Cream: Formulation and Efficacy in Accelerating Wound Healing in Male White Mice Authors: Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini; Nayaka, Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Antari, Ni Putu Udayana Abstract: Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is known for its wound-healing potential due to its flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. This study aims to develop a practical and stable dosage form of Bilimbi leaf extract, specifically a cream, and evaluate its efficacy as a wound-healing agent. Bilimbi leaf extract at 2% concentration was formulated into a cream with two variations of triethanolamine concentration as an emulsifier, F1 (2%) and F2 (4%). Data were collected through observation and measurement scales during the cream formulation stage. The effectiveness of the cream as a cut wound healer was assessed using a randomized control group pretest and post-test design. Physical properties, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, and mechanical stability, were observed, and spreadability was measured. Both formulations met the criteria for creams with good physical quality and effectively reduced the wound length to 0 cm within the 7-day observation period. In contrast, in the control group, wounds still appeared to be 0.4-1 cm in size. In conclusion, the findings in this study indicate that the cream containing 2% Bilimbi leaf extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) has favorable physical characteristics and effectively heals incision wounds in male white mice. This formulation shows promise for further development regarding efficacy, safety, stability, and market acceptability. 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9665 Title: Immunostimulant Effects of Bitter Leaves (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Del.) Sch.Bip.ex Walp.) Leaf Extract Authors: Setiani, Lusi Agus; Wiendarlina, Ike Yulia; Rizkyani, Nanda Asyura; Fazri, Syifa Ainun Abstract: increased interest in exploring natural immunostimulants as complementary therapies. One promising candidate is Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, commonly known as bitter leaf. Bitter leaf is a medicinal plant that can be used as an immunostimulant because it contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of Bitter leaf extract obtained using the MAE method, particularly in enhancing immune function and the effective dosage in rats. The ethanolic extract of bitter leaf was made using the microwaveassisted extraction (MAE) method, which can potentially extract high levels of flavonoid compounds compared to other extraction methods in vivo. There were as many as 25 rats, which were divided into five treatment groups: the negative control was treated with CMC Na 0,5% (w/v); the positive control was treated with 4,5 mg/200 g body weight (BW) of Echinacea purpurea. The treatment groups from Dose 1; Dose 2; and Dose 3 were treated with an ethanol extract of bitter leaf at 14 mg/200 g BW, 28 mg/200 g BW, and 56 mg/200 g BW. Immunostimulant effect testing was carried out using the carbon clearance method, and the number of leukocytes was counted. In carbon clearance testing, each group was given a carbon solution intravenously; blood was taken at 5, 10, and 15 minutes via the tail vein, and its absorbance was measured using UV-Vis 675 nm. The count of leukocytes was observed using the chamber of a hemocytometer through a microscope. The research results showed that administration of doses I, II, and III provided an immunostimulant effect. Based on the results, the ethanolic extract from a bitter leaf from Dose III (56 mg/200 g BW) provided a stronger immunostimulant effect in rats based on the phagocytosis index parameters of (9.005) and the number of leukocytes of (8,370/µL). 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9664 Title: Antibacterial Potential of Cinnamomum culilaban Bark Ethanolic Extract Prepared by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction against Oral Pathogens Authors: Kurniatri, Arifayu Addiena; Elya, Berna; Suryadi, Herman Abstract: Cinnamomum culilaban is one of the native Indonesian plants that has been used as medicinal plant. The local community on Seram Island uses the stem bark to treat toothaches. Eugenol, a chemical compound found in Cinnamomum culilaban, is used in dental practice and has antibacterial activity. Research on Cinnamomum culilaban is very limited, its activity against bacteria that cause oral infections has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum culilaban bark extract against oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptpcoccus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The extraction was carried out using 96% ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Disc diffusion assay was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity. The concentration of extract used were 50%, 25%, and 12.5% (b/v) in DMSO. Eugenol (50% v/v in DMSO) was used as positive control. The phytochemicals screening was carried out to investigate the chemical compounds contained in Cinnamomum culilaban bark extract. Extraction of Cinnamomum culilaban bark using 96% ethanol with the ultrasound-assisted extraction method obtained a yield of 23.36±0.49%. The extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, and steroids/terpenoids. The ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum culilaban bark has inhibitory activity against Streptpcoccus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Cinnamomum culilaban bark has the potential as an antibacterial agent. 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z