http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8772 2026-04-09T03:43:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8784 Title: Bilateral Optic Nerve Atrophy Case Report Authors: . Naqeeb, Mohammed R; Abdulmannan, Dina M. Abstract: Abstract Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and deafness, is a genetic neurological condition. This case report provides a description on the first instance of Wolfram syndrome in a Saudi family, which manifested as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a powder-like cataract, among the other unusual ophthalmological findings. This case involved a 27-year-old Saudi woman with bilateral optic nerve atrophy who was first diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at the age of 8 years. At the age of 18, bilateral optic nerve atrophy was identified. At the age of 27, diabetes insipidus and hearing loss were verified. There were no signs of renal, neurological, or psychiatric issues. Atypical ophthalmological traits were examined and addressed in this study. Any individual with bilateral optic nerve atrophy and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus within the first 30 years of life should be evaluated for the possibility of Wolfram syndrome. Microvascular diabetes is an incredibly rare complication of Wolfram syndrome. Early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe consequences can result in improved survival rates and quality of life. Keywords: Atrophy, optic nerve, wolfram syndrome, Saudi Arabia 2024-03-31T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8783 Title: Interleukin-6 Level and Neutrophil-Lymphocytes Ratio and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 19 Authors: Latifah, Armina; Parwati, Ida; Tjandrawati, Ana; Suraya, Nida Abstract: Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in hyperinflammation and cytokine storm in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NRL) describes the innate and adaptive immune responses. Elevated IL-6 and NLR levels usually indicate a severe clinical condition in COVID-19 patients. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation of IL-6 and NLR with the severity of illness in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. This was a descriptive correlative observational study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from COVID-19 patients treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from November 2020 to October 2021. There were 225 subjects who were classified by the severity and analyzed for IL-6 levels and NLR. Median levels of IL-6 at moderate, severe, and critical levels were 4.1 pg/mL, 20.4 pg/mL, and 38.8 pg/mL, respectively. The median NLR at moderate, severe, and critical grades were respectively 4.41, 9.65, and 17.79. The correlation between IL-6, NLR, and severity was 0.441 (p<0.001) and 0.408 (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the correlation between IL-6 levels and NLR in COVID-19 was 0.230 (p<0.001). Thus, IL-6 and NRL levels have a moderate positive correlation with the severity of COVID-19, while IL-6 and NRL have a weak correlation because IL-6 is not the only factor that affects the NRL. Keywords: COVID-19, disease severity, IL-6, NRL 2024-03-31T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8782 Title: Correlation between Duration of Placement of Non-tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter and Positive Bacterial Culture Incidence in Hemodialysis Patients Authors: Marfen Djajakusumah, Teguh; Hapsari, Putie; Prasetya Yarman, Indra; Seno Radi Utomo, Hafidh; Lukman, Kiki; Sulastri, Dian Abstract: Abstract Non-tunneling hemodialysis catheter is one of the most convenient vascular accesses for hemodialysis in End Stage Kidney Disease (ESRD) patients. However, these catheters have the highest morbidity among all available accesses. Current guidelines recommend that non-tunneled hemodialysis catheters be placed for no more than 2 weeks to prevent bacterial contamination. This study was conducted in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, throughout January-December 2021. A correlation test with a prospective observational analysis design was applied to find the link between the duration of non-tunneled hemodialysis catheter placement and the incidence of positive bacterial culture on the catheter. Pearson correlation test was used to see the strength of the correlation, with a significance limit of 0.05. This study involved 28 subjects. The most common location for catheter placement was in the jugular vein, and laboratory examinations showed no correlation between leukocyte values and positive bacterial culture results. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not significant risk factors (p-value 0.887). At ≤14 days of catheter placement, only 1 (6.7%) of the subjects presented a positive culture result. Most of the positive bacterial culture results were found at a duration of 15-30 days of placement, (n=8; 53.3%). The results of the Pearson test showed a p-value of 0.036 and an r-value of 0.399, indicating a significant result with a strong correlation between the two variables. The duration of placement of hemodialysis catheters has a positive correlation with the incidence of positive bacterial cultures, which can increase the risk of systemic infection associated with hemodialysis catheters. Keywords: Bacterial culture, correlation, duration of placement, non-tunneled hemodialysis catheters 2024-03-31T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8781 Title: Vitamin D Levels and Incidence of Preterm Labor Authors: Alamsyah Aziz, Muhammad; Garnida Syahbana, Chandra; Sulaeman Effendi, Jusuf; Hasan Purwara, Benny; Husnitawati Madjid, Tita; Susiarno, Hadi Abstract: Abstract One pathophysiology of preterm delivery is maternal or fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. The HPA axis can be affected by vitamin D, which increases uterine contractions and affects the body’s immune mechanism against bacterial infections. A lower level of vitamin D in pregnant women is suspected to contribute to the incidence of premature conditions. This study aimed to compare the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration in preterm parturient with non-preterm parturient, and the correlation between vitamin D level and the incidence of preterm labor. This comparative analytic study used a cross-sectional approach and involved 46 subjects who were divided into case and control groups. This study was conducted in August– September 2017 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. The Electro-chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method was used to examine the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration in case and control groups, demonstrating that 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration in case group (17.26 ng/mL) was significantly (p<0.0001) lower than in control group (24.30 ng/mL). The correlation coefficient between the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and the incidence of preterm labor was -0.837 (p<0.001). Thus, there was a correlation between the 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D3 level and the incidence of preterm labor that vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women must be considered. Keywords: 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, preterm delivery, vitamin D 2024-03-31T00:00:00Z