http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7728 2026-04-10T01:42:32Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7981 Title: Ethnopharmacology study of medicinal plants utilization for antidiarrheal remedies by Tengger tribe in Tosari District, Indonesia Authors: Ningsih, Indah Yulia; Mandasari, Virda Fitra; Pratama, Antonius Nugraha Widhi; Hidayat, Mochammad Amrun Abstract: Tengger is one of the tribes in East Java Province, Indonesia practising traditional medicine by using mantras and medicinal plants. A disease with a high incidence rate and widely treated with medicinal plants in Indonesia, including in Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency, is diarrhoea. To conserve traditional medicine, mainly the utilization of medicinal plants as anti-diarrhoea agents, it is necessary to develop a database that keeps up with technological advances. The study aimed to determine medicinal plants utilization for antidiarrheal remedies by the Tengger tribe in four villages of Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency, namely Wonokitri, Tosari, Ngadiwono, and Podokoyo. The study employed the snowball sampling method, which involved conducting semi-structured interviews. The result showed nine medicinal plants for traditional antidiarrheal remedies, with Musaceae (23%) as the most widely used plant family. Most informants used immature plant (56.25%) and fruits (89.58%). In addition, most plants were administered orally (98%) without specific compounding methods (76%). The value of Factor of the informant's consensus (Fic) of plants used for diarrhoea was 0.74. The highest Fidelity Level (FL) and Choice Value (CV) were obtained from Elaeocarpus longifolius Blume at 69% and 2.4, respectively. Based on the findings of the study, E. longifolius has the potential to be further investigated for development in antidiarrheal treatment. 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7980 Title: Combination of polyherbal Phyllanthus reticulatus with Zingiber officinale and Cymbopogon citratus to optimize the antioxidant capacity Authors: Kristiani, Elizabeth Betty Elok; Kasmiyati, Sri; Martono, Yohanes Abstract: Currently, the public is interested in polyherbal-based foods and beverages as a source of natural antioxidants. The aim of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of formulations containing Z. officinale, C. citratus, and P. reticulatus (ZCP). Each sample was extracted using the maceration process in an ethanol solvent at room temperature for three 72-hour periods. There were fourteenth formulation of Z. officinale rhizome, C. citratus leaves, and P. reticulatus fruit which used Design of Expert (DoE). The DPPH method was used to determine the power of antioxidants. The flavonoid content of the extract was measured using the colorimetric method and AlCl3 reagent, while phenolics content using Folin-Ciocalteu. The formulations ZCP 1:0:0, 0:0:1, and 1:1:1 showed the antioxidant capacity in a strong categorization, with an IC50 value less than 50 µg/ml, while ZCP 0:1:0 was in a weak categorization (IC50 > 250 µg/mL). Another ZCP formulation was in a medium category. The ZCP 1:1:1 formulation was suggested as the best one for this investigation, which contains three plant samples. This formulation is interesting for further toxicity studies and in vivo testing so that it can be applied as an antioxidant-rich supplement product. 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7979 Title: Immunomodulator effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves extract on CD4+ and CD8+ expression in Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice Authors: Hidayati, Sholihatil; Susanti, Dhina Ayu; Destiawan, Rian Anggia; Muflihah2, Ahdiah Imroatul; Handayani, Rizka; Anggitasari, Wima Abstract: Typhoid fever is a common health problem in the community caused by Salmonella bacteria. The incidence rate of this infection will increase if a person’s immune system is weakened. Plant extracts have been widely studied for their role in various pharmacological effects, including immunomodulatory effects. Among the plants with the potential to be used as an immunomodulatory substance is Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves extract (CAE) contains flavonoids related to immunomodulatory activity. This study intends to ascertain how administering CAE affects the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ in Babl/c mice that have been infected with Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. The study was started by preparing 70% ethanol extract from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves. Immunomodulatory activity testing was carried out preparing 30 Babl/C mice as experimental animals. Six mouse groups (the treatment group, the negative control, the positive control, and the healthy control) were allocated at random by giving CAE doses of 100 mg/kgBW, CAE doses of 200 mg/kgBW, and CAE doses of 400 mg/kgBW. Induction was carried out by oral infection with Salmonella thypimurium bacteria. After 3 days the infected mice were treated orally once a day for 7 days. Evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ expression was carried out using the flow cytometry method of the lymph organs. The data was analyzed using the anova test and then the SPSS for Windows tool was used to do the post hoc test (Tukey). The results showed that giving CAE at doses of 100 mg/kgBW, CAE doses of 200 mg/kgBW and CAE doses of 400 mg/kgBW could increase the expression ratio of CD4+ and CD8+. Conversely, administering 400 mg/kgBW of CAE produced noticeably different outcomes (p<0.05) from the negative control. This shows that the CAE has potential as an immunomodulatory agent that can improve immune function. 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7975 Title: Sunscreen effectivity and physical characterization of avocado oil in nanoemulsion using isopropyl myristate variations Authors: Shabrina, Ayu; Firdausi, Zuhriya Muna; Poerba, Agnes Theresya; Setyani, Diana Anisa; Heroweti, Junvidya Abstract: Unsaturated fatty acids in avocado oil can help reduce erythema brought on by prolonged UV-B exposure. The effectivity of sunscreen absorption into the skin will be enhanced by the use of isopropyl myristate (IPM) in nanoemulsion. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics and sunscreen effectiveness of avocado oil nanoemulsion (AVN) modified with IPM. 1% (FI), 3% (FII), and 5% (FIII) IPM variation were used to make AVN with 5% oil. The AVN were tested for physical characteristics such as organoleptic, pH, viscosity, rheology, particle size and polydispersity index (PI). The products were also tested for sunscreen effectivity by in vitro and Minimum Erythemal Dose (MED) method. The data obtained were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the AVN was pale yellow and clear with transmittance percentage were 96%. The rheogram showed that the products were newtonian. The pH values range were from 6.62 to 6.66; viscosity 1.65-1.84 dPa.s; particle size < 17 nm, zeta potential was in range of -30,54±1,72 to 37,85±3,11 and PI < 0.5 for all formula. In vitro SPF values were 16.43 ± 4.50 (FI), 16.27 ± 4.20 (FII) and 17.88 ± 3.20 (FIII) (p >0.05), and categorized as ultra protection. MED value were 12.28 ± 1.34 (FI); 12.51 ± 1.68 (FII); and 13.22 ± 1.84 (FIII) (p< 0.05) and categorized as maximum protection. Isopropyl myristate increased the sunscreen product's MED value without changing its physical characteristics. 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z