http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7722 2026-04-14T20:40:53Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7821 Title: Standardization of Cassia spectabilis DC leaves and antimalarial activities of ethyl acetate extract Authors: Ekasari, Wiwied; Arwati, Heny; Putri, Nindya Tresiana; Hariyani, Dewi; Ananda, Rosalia Friska; Suhartono, Eko Abstract: One of the Indonesian medicinal plants, Cassia spectabilis is traditionally used to treat several diseases, including malaria. The quality of raw materials influences the quality of drug derived from a plant. Standardizing the raw materials followed by the antimalarial activity test are needed to azure the quality of product prepared from plants. The aim of this study was to standardize the quality of C. spectabilis leaves and to evaluate the antimalarial activities of ethyl acetate extract. The fresh material of C. spectabilis leaves was observed in its specific and non-specific parameters. In vitro test was done by using Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. In vivo test was done using a 4-day suppressive test method against mice infected with P. berghei for four consecutive days. Heme detoxification inhibitory activity test was carried out using the modified Basilico method. The leaves of C. spectabilis meet the quality requirement for raw materials of traditional medicine. The ethyl acetate extract showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 and in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection with an IC50 value of 27.28 μg/mL and ED50 value of 1.74 mg/kg, respectively. The extract also showed heme detoxification inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.33±0.01 mg/mL. The leaves of C. spectabilis meet the quality requirement, and the ethyl acetate extract from standardized C. spectabilis leaves possessed a potential antimalarial activity that deserves to be further developed. 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7818 Title: The antioxidant activity of several antidiabetic herbal products Authors: Rais, Ichwan Ridwan; Septiawan, Andhika; Ayuni, Meta; Wichaksono, Dhega Agung; Sulistyani, Nanik Abstract: The oxidative stress mechanism in the body involves the balance between increased ROS and decreased antioxidant agents. ROS can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to pathology and impaired insulin secretion by dysregulation of several genes expression. High concentrations of ROS are often followed by a low activity of antioxidants from endogenous sources. As a result, exogenous antioxidants are required to neutralize ROS. As reported, medicinal plants, which have had various traditional applications, contain large amounts of secondary metabolites, proven to be exogenous antioxidant agents. Jamu, a traditional medicine, also known as an alternative medication, can be widely and easily found in traditional markets. Antidiabetic herbal products are among the most popular of jamu. Antidiabetic mechanism has a strong relationship with antioxidant roles in many biological systems. The aim of this research was to figure out the potential antioxidant activity of antidiabetic herbal products. Eight antidiabetic jamu samples were analyzed for their antioxidant activity by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdenum antioxidant activity, and FRAP, as well as for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Good linearity was a general finding for the quantitative analysis, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.999 for the standards. The highest total flavonoid content found was 8.66 ± 0.11 mgQE/g, and the highest total phenolic content was 22.66 ± 0.15 mgGAE/g. With regard to antioxidant activity, all of the samples demonstrated weak DPPH radical scavenging activity, while phosphomolybdenum antioxidant activity and FRAP were the highest at 48.58 ± 0.45 mgQE/g extract and 226.98 ± 0.19 mgQE/g extract, respectively. These results indicated that the claimed antidiabetic herbal products could be prepared as exogenous antioxidant sources, irrespective of being with or without antioxidant activity, for diabetes treatment. 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7815 Title: Effect of consumption of vegetables and fruit on nitric oxide levels and T-glutathione levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Authors: Sari, Prita Anggraini Kartika; Kartika, Prita Anggraini; Akrom, Akrom Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress. It is characterized by vascular dysfunction, such as endothelial cell inability to produce nitric oxide (NO) or decreased NO availability. Glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant that contributes to preventing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Several studies have shown that the intake of foods such as vegetables and fruits containing both GSH and NO or their components can increase it and maintain NO homeostasis. This study aims to see how different vegetables and fruit consumption habits affect NO levels and T-GSH levels in blood plasma. This research method is analytic observational with cross sectional findings, the sample used is 85 subjects in the form of archives of biological materials. Data on habits of consuming vegetables and fruits were collected through interviews, NO levels and T-GSH levels in plasma were determined biochemically using the Elabscience® NO and GSH Assay Kit, then analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. According to the findings, the mean levels of NO and T-GSH in the blood plasma of T2DM patients, respectively, in patients who had the habit of consuming vegetables and fruits and those who did not, were for NO (108.34 ± 97.03) μmol/L and (135.97±112.87) μmol/L, for T-GSH were (13.54 ± 3.34) μmol/L and (12.73 ± 1.44) μmol/L. There was, however, no statistically significant difference between the two parameters (p > 0.05). This study provides information that the habit of consuming vegetables and fruit does not provide a significant difference to the levels of NO and levels of T-GSH in blood plasma in patients with T2DM. But these habits still need to be done for health maintenance 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7813 Title: The association between knowledge and cardiovascular risk in high school students in Bali Indonesia Authors: Prasojo, Preiffer Agus; Lopez, Yohana Helenora Desy; Setiawan, Christianus Heru Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is one of the health problems that cause significant health, economic, and social burdens. Generally, cardiovascular disease starts to appear clinically at the age of 40 years and over. Currently, diabetes can appear early because of an unhealthy lifestyle since childhood. Senior high school students, the nation's next generation, are essential assets for the country. The school-age intervention is expected to increase student awareness for anticipating cardiovascular disease. This study focused on evaluating the relationship between the level of knowledge related to cardiovascular disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease in high school students. This study is an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study to measure the level of knowledge and cardiovascular risk are a closed-ended questionnaire, digital sphygmomanometer, scale, height meter, body measuring tape, and blood glucose self-test device. The total study population was 207 students from two senior high schools in Bali. Almost onethird of the subjects have high blood pressure. Nearly a quarter of the subjects are overweight-obese and have waist circumference above normal. The result showed no significant difference relationship between the level of knowledge and cardiovascular risk (P >0.05). Therefore, further education is needed to instil healthy behaviors to control cardiovascular risk factors as early as possible. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the level of knowledge on cardiovascular risk in two senior high schools in Bali 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z