http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7721 2026-04-14T20:40:12Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7780 Title: The antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Caesalpinia sappan combination Authors: Widyapuspa, Ari Hasna; Elok Kristiani, Elizabeth Betty; Martono, Yohanes Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used in traditional treatment since a long time ago by local people in Indonesia. Nowadays, the trend in the consumption of medicinal plants, especially herbal drinks, is increasing. Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Caesalpinia sappan are their main materials of medicinal plants. They were chosen because of their high antioxidant contents. Nevertheless, there is no scientific research on the antioxidant activity of the combination of the three extracts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity, as well as to compare the antioxidant enhancement pattern of the combination. Samples were extracted by successive maceration with hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents. Total flavonoids contents were determined through colorimetric analysis and antioxidant activity was determined based on the DPPH method with the IC50 value as a parameter. Total flavonoids of ethyl acetate extract from Z. officinale, H. sabdariffa, and C. sappan were 30.28±0.04; 24.81±0.03; and 24.01±0.04 mg QE/ gram extract, and the IC50 value were 51.36±0.05; 83.37±0.06; and 35±0.04 ppm. Total flavonoid contents of their combination were 22.48±0.05 (0:1:1); 23.88±0.05 (1:1:1); 23.68±0.05 (1:4:1); 22.81±0.05; 28.81±0.04 (4:1:1); 27.55±0.03 (1:1:0); 24.41±0.04 mg QE/ gram extract (1:0:1). Antioxidant activities obtained from the combination were 57.50±0.05 (0:1:1); 52.25±0.06 (1:1:1); 71.50±0.06 (1:4:1); 45.74±0.05 (1:1:4); 54.36±0.05 (4:1:1); 68.97±0.06 (1:1:0); 40.52±0.05 ppm (1:0:1). The strongest antioxidant activity was C. sappan. 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7779 Title: Antibacterial activity of mexican sunflower leaf Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray Aqueous extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Authors: Misrahanum, Misrahanum; Safarah, Zahratul; Ismail, Yulia Sari Abstract: The research of antibacterial activity of Mexican sunflower leaf Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray aqueous extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was carried out. The research aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Mexican sunflower leaves aqueous extract to inhibit the growth of MRSA with concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The extracts were obtained by the maceration method, and the antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of Mexican sunflower leaves simplicia were obtained with water level 9%, water-soluble level 21,6%, ethanol-soluble level 10,3%, and total ash level 14,36%. Characterization of Mexican sunflower leaves aqueous extracts were obtained with water level 26,36%, water-soluble level 53,13%, ethanol-soluble level 26,36%, and total ash level 19,98%. Phytochemical screening revealed that aqueous extract of Mexican sunflower leaves contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The largest inhibitory zone was shown at a 50% extract concentration with a diameter of 12,40 mm. The aqueous extract of Mexican sunflower leaves was capable to form the inhibition zone on the MRSA growth. 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7775 Title: Development and optimization of Curcuma longa Linn. oleoresin nonaqueous gel for transdermal delivery Authors: Arimurni, Ayu Arimurni; S, Made Dwi Pradipta Wahyudi; Colatama, Erika Yuda Abstract: A long-term oral administration of NSAID and DMARD on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment may cause gastritis, kidney, and cardiovascular disorder. One of the alternative therapies that have been investigated is by using herbal medicine such as Curcuma longa Linn. which contains curcumin and essential oils. Even though both compounds are quite effective in treating RA, poor aqueous solubility and low intestinal absorption limit their oral bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks, transdermal delivery was chosen as an alternative route of administration. This study was aimed to formulate the Curcuma longa Linn. oleoresin into a transdermal non-aqueous gel system using Carbopol 934 and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (4.25:0.75 %) as the gelling agent. In this study, multiple solvents (PEG 400, PG, glycerin, ethanol, and tween 20) were used in the system. The solvents were chosen based on their ability to dissolve the gelling agents. Optimization was done using a simplex lattice design based on the physical characteristics (viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesivity) of the prepared gel. The system with the optimum concentration of PEG 400 and PG was then observed for its stability and in vitro transport through snakeskin membrane using Franz diffusion cell with PBS pH 7.4 as acceptor medium. The optimal formula was comprised of 75% PEG and 25% PG which has a viscosity of 6.34+0.19 dPa.s, adhesivity of 6.05+0.11 seconds, pH of 5.16+0.09, spreadability of 6.94+0.06 cm, and quite stable after freeze-thaw cycling test, whilst around 26.85% curcumin was diffused through the membrane (flux = 0.084 mg.cm-2 ) after 2 hours. It can be concluded that the Curcuma longa Linn. oleoresin can be formulated into a non-aqueous gel system, which showed a fair gel physical characteristic with good stability and ability to permeate across the skin membrane, and is promising to be further developed as an alternative for RA treatment. 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7773 Title: Chemical qualitative analysis and spf value stability of nutmeg seed oil in microemulsions with tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactants and cosurfactants Authors: Shabrina, Ayu; Safitri, Erika Indah; Fithria, Risha Fillah; Munir, Misbahul; Sumantri Abstract: Nutmeg oil contains α-pinene, which can be used as sunscreen. The combination of Tween 80 and PEG 400 can maintain the stability of nutmeg oil microemulsion. This research was a follow-up study that aims to determine the stability of the SPF value and qualitative chemical content of nutmeg seed oil microemulsions (NSM). NSM was made with a nutmeg seed oil concentration of 6.4% and tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactants and cosurfactants with variations in the ratio of F1 (5: 4), F2 (6: 4), and F3 (7: 4). Nutmeg seed oil and NSM content was analyzed using GC-MS. NSM formula were tested for in vitro SPF value stability by storing NSM in a climatic chamber at 30 °C ± 2 °C with RH 65 % ± 5 % for 4 weeks. The SPF values were calculated every week. GC-MS data were analyzed descriptively and data of SPF value stability were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA. The GC-MS results of nutmeg seed oil showed 35 components, including significant compounds, namely αpinene, sabinene, β-phellandrene and also α-terpinolene. GC-MS results of NSM showed those significant compounds were still detected after being formulated in microemulsion. The results of the sunscreen activity test of NSM before storage were 10.31 ± 0.03 (F1); 10.47 ± 0.07 (F2); 10.45 ± 0.03 (F3) and did not show significant change after storage for 4 weeks (p > 0.05). The SPF values of NSM were categorized in maximum activity. 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z