http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7567 2026-04-09T07:06:34Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7580 Title: Green Tea Dregs (Camellia sinensis (L.) Extraction Method Effect on Cutibacterium acnes and Development of Spot Cream Authors: Odelia Vania Arief, Maria; Lieanto, Caroline; Mei Sabani, Jessica; Purwanto, Purwanto Abstract: Abstract Background: Acne is a prevalent skin health problem experienced by teenagers and adults. Green tea is one of the plants that can be used to treat acne. Green tea dregs contain catechins, which have antibacterial activity that causes acne. Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of green tea dregs extract against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Methods: This study used two brewing time variations and three green tea dregs with maceration variations. The obtained extract was then analyzed for its catechin content using the total phenolic test. Section, which has a high phenolic content, was then tested for its activity against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria using the microdilution method to obtain the MIC50 value. The extract with a brewing time of 2 minutes and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction maceration method had the highest MIC50 value of 8.586 mg/mL. The MIC50 value references extract concentrations used in acne spot cream formulations. The cream obtained after the stability test is semisolid, brown, and smells like tea. Spot cream is also homogeneous and meets the pH range in cosmetic preparations of 5.5. However, the viscosity of spot cream decreased significantly after storage to 4546 cPoise from 8106 cPoise. The decrease in the viscosity of the cream was caused by the catechin content in green tea dregs extract, which is acidic, thus reducing the effectiveness of the emulator in the form of triethanolamine, which is alkaline. The decrease in viscosity of the cream also caused the spreadability of the cream to increase and the stickiness of the cream to decrease. Keywords: acne spot cream, brewing time, catechin, Cutibacterium acnes, green tea dregs 2023-12-20T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7579 Title: Protective Factor Evaluation of Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) Magenta Flower Variety Herbs Extract Cream Formula Authors: Cincin Kirana, Bida; Dwi Cahyani, Erlien; Budiawan, Antonius Abstract: Abstract Background: Indonesia is an equatorial country that is rich in sunlight all year. UV light is divided into three wavelength groups: UV-A (320-400nm), UV-B (280-320nm), and UV-C (100-290nm). Intracell chromophores in skin cell membranes such as riboflavin, porphyrin, nicotinamide, and enzymes will absorb the UV-A light. The UV-B light penetrates the dermis layer and causes DNA structure changes, which lead to wrinkles and a rising risk of skin cancer. Premature skin aging and skin cancer can be prevented with sunscreen preparation containing compounds that can protect the skin from UV radiation. Flavonoid is one of the purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) active metabolites that have the potency to be developed as sunscreen. Objective: This research aimed to determine the ability of purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) magenta flower variety herbs extract cream as a sunscreen as indicated by the %Te, %Tp, and Sun Protective Factor value. Methods: This research was an experimental study with various purslane magenta flower variety herbs extract cream formulas that were tested for their %Te, %Tp, and SPF value with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The sunscreen cream preparation with 2.5% of purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) magenta flower variety herb extract had %Te, %Tp, and SPF values of 25.86 ± 2.41%, 36.05 ± 2.82%, and 3.97 ± 0.35 respectively. At the same time, preparations with 5% concentration of extract had %Te, %Tp, and SPF values of 8.23 ± 0.86%, 16.65 ± 0.92%, and 8.03 ± 0.38, respectively. Conclusion: The sunscreen activity of all extract concentration creams was significantly different compared to the negative control (cream base) in all parameters. Flavonoids are the compounds responsible for the sunscreen activity of purslane extract. Keywords: cream, magenta, Portulaca grandiflora, purslane, sun protective factor 2023-12-19T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7578 Title: The Development and Validation of The Indonesian Insulin Adherence Influence Factor Questionnaire (IIAIFQ) Authors: Suryatinah, Yuniarti; Athiyah, Umi; Binti Mohd. Ali, Adliah; Zairina, Elida Abstract: Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a metabolic disease due to abnormalities in insulin secretion. Insulin is one of DMT2 therapy. Objective: This study aimed to validate a modified the insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM) among Indonesian patients with DMT2. Methods: The Indonesian insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire (IIAIFQ) was developed based on modified some literature reviews and internal expert discussions. The study included 30 participants aged ≥ 17 y.o years old who had been taking insulin in the previous two months. The questionnaire consists of seven dimensions to measure HBM : perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action and insulin adherence. Results: The construct validity test showed that of the 34 question items in the questionnaire, 10 items were invalid, 24 others were demonstrated valid based on the Pearson Correlation (>r table 0.361; p<0.05; loading factor > 0.5). Furthermore, 24 valid items were tested for reliability at a significance level of 0.05, and the results showed that each size had a Cronbach's Alpa > 0.6 with an overall score was 0.858, indicating that all domains in the questionnaire were reliable. Conclusion: IIAIFQ based The HBM theory is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing insulin adherence in diabetes mellitus patients. Keywords: adherence, health belief model, insulin, reliability, validity 2023-12-18T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7577 Title: Five Years Outpatients Antibiotics Consumption at Public Tertiary Hospital in Bengkulu According to Access, Watch and Reserve Classification Authors: Apriyanti, Yusna F.; Saepudin, Saepudin; Maisharah S. Gadzi, Siti Abstract: Abstract Background: Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics classification was released in 2019 by the World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs in all healthcare facilities. As a result, WHO advises global action to increase the availability of antibiotics from the Access group by more than 60%.Objective: to determine antibiotics consumption for outpatients at a public tertiary hospital in Bengkulu, Sumatera-Indonesia, from 2018 to 2022, focusing on antibiotics from Access class according to the AWaRe classification from WHO and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (MoHRI). Methods: This is a crosssectional survey analyzing aggregate data on antibiotics use for outpatients at the hospital during the study period. Data on antibiotics were collected from the hospital pharmacy department, while data on patient visits were collected from the medical records department. The quantity of antibiotics used was calculated using the ATC/DDD method and expressed in DDD/1000 patient-day (PD), which was then converted into a percentage. Results: During the study period, 50-60% and 65-73% out of 14-19 antibiotic agents are from Access class according to WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, respectively. Quantitatively, according to the WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, the consumption of antibiotics from the Access class was 25-50% and 33-71% of total consumption, respectively. In addition, the segment of drug utilization 90% (DU90%) of antibiotics was dominated by antibiotics from Watch class. Conclusion: The hospital has not yet met the WHO target for antibiotic consumption from the Access class, highlighting the need for some effective efforts from Watch class to limit the usage of antibiotics. Keywords: antibiotics consumption, antibiotics resistance, ATC/DDD, AWaRe classification 2 2023-12-13T00:00:00Z