http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5699 2026-04-24T12:30:56Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5719 Title: Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review Authors: Garrity, Katharine; Krzyzanowski Guerra, Kathleen; Hart, Hannah Abstract: Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review Katharine Garrity 1 , Kathleen Krzyzanowski Guerra 2 , Hannah Hart 3 , Khawlah Al-Muhanna 1 , Emily C Kunkler 1 , Ashlea Braun 4 , Kathryn I Poppe 3 , Kara Johnson 1 , Emma Lazor 1 , Yang Liu 1 , Jennifer A Garner 1,2,* 1 Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; 2 John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University; 3 College of Public Health, The Ohio State University; 4 Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University ABSTRACT Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain. Although specific SVC interventions, such as farmers markets, have been studied individually, a comprehensive review of SVC models was pursued to evaluate their relative impact on food security, fruit and vegetable intake, diet quality, health-related markers, and barriers and facilitators to participation among low-income households. Our systematic literature search identified 37 articles representing 34 studies from 2000–2020. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies revealed that farmers market interventions had been evaluated more extensively than other SVC models (i.e., produce prescrip tion programs, community-supported agriculture, mobile markets, food hubs, farm stands, and farm-to-school). Fruit and vegetable intake was the most measured outcome; other outcomes were less explored or not measured at all. Qualitative insights highlighted common barriers to SVC use, such as lack of program awareness, limited accessibility, and cultural incongruence, whereas facilitators included health-promoting environments, community cohesion, financial incentives, and high-quality produce. Social marketing and dynamic nutrition education appeared to yield positive program outcomes. Financial incentives were used in many studies, warranting further investigation into optimal amounts across varying environmental contexts. SVC models are increasingly germane to national goals across the agriculture, social, and health care sectors. This review advances the understanding of key knowledge gaps related to their implementation and impact; it emphasizes the need for research to analyze SVC potential comprehensively across the rural-urban continuum and among diverse communities through long-term studies of measurable health impact and mixed-method studies investigating implementation best practices. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020206532. Keywords: fruits and vegetables, nutrition education, nutrition incentive programs, farmers markets, produce prescription programs, community-supported agriculture, mobile markets, farm stands, farm-to-school, food hubs 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5718 Title: Maternal Cannabis Use during Lactation and Potential Effects on Human Milk Composition and Production: A Narrative Review Authors: Castro-Navarro, Irma; A McGuire, Mark; E Williams, Janet Abstract: Maternal Cannabis Use during Lactation and Potential Effects on Human Milk Composition and Production: A Narrative Review Irma Castro-Navarro 1,* , Mark A McGuire 2 , Janet E Williams 2 , Elizabeth A Holdsworth 3 , Courtney L Meehan 4 , Michelle K McGuire 1 1 Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States; 2 Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States; 3 Department of Anthropology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; 4 Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States ABSTRACT Cannabis use has increased sharply in the last 20 y among adults, including reproductive-aged women. Its recent widespread legalization is associated with a decrease in risk perception of cannabis use during breastfeeding. However, the effect of cannabis use (if any) on milk production and milk composition is not known. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge related to maternal cannabis use during breastfeeding and provides an overview of possible pathways whereby cannabis might affect milk composition and production. Several studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids and their metabolites are detectable in human milk produced by mothers who use cannabis. Due to their physicochemical properties, cannabinoids are stored in adipose tissue, can easily reach the mammary gland, and can be secreted in milk. Moreover, cannabinoid receptors are present in adipocytes and mammary epithelial cells. The activation of these re ceptors directly modulates fatty acid metabolism, potentially causing changes in milk fatty acid profiles. Additionally, the endocannabinoid system is intimately connected to the endocrine system. As such, it is probable that interactions of exogenous cannabinoids with the endocannabinoid system might modify release of critical hormones (e.g., prolactin and dopamine) that regulate milk production and secretion. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated effects of cannabis use (including on milk production and composition) in lactating women. Additional research utilizing robust methodologies are needed to elucidate whether and how cannabis use affects human milk production and composition. Keywords: cannabis, breastfeeding, breastmilk, milk composition, cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, human milk, lactation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, prolactin 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5717 Title: α-Ketoglutarate for Preventing and Managing Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction Authors: Bravo Iniguez, Alejandro; Du, Min; Zhu, Mei-Jun Abstract: α-Ketoglutarate for Preventing and Managing Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction Alejandro Bravo Iniguez 1 , Min Du 2 , Mei-Jun Zhu 1,* 1 School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States; 2 Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States ABSTRACT The epithelium lining the intestinal tract serves a multifaceted role. It plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and immune regulation and also acts as a protective barrier, separating underlying tissues from the gut lumen content. Disruptions in the delicate balance of the gut epithelium trigger inflammatory responses, aggravate conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, and potentially lead to more severe complications such as colorectal cancer. Maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis is vital for overall health, and there is growing interest in identifying nutraceuticals that can strengthen the intestinal epithelium. α-Ketoglutarate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, displays a variety of bioactive effects, including functioning as an antioxidant, a necessary cofactor for epigenetic modification, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This article presents a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the potential of α-ketoglutarate supple mentation in preventing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium. Keywords: α-ketoglutarate, intestinal health, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, gut microbiome 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5716 Title: Describing Energy Expenditure in Children with a Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review Authors: Luo, Bethany; E. Davidson, Zoe; O’Brien, Katie Abstract: Describing Energy Expenditure in Children with a Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review Bethany Luo 1,y , Zoe E. Davidson 1,2,y,* , Katie O’Brien 1 , Evelyn Volders 1 , Jeffrey Lu 1 , Kali Dunlea 1 , Matisse Lazzari 1 , Natassja Billich 1 , Kay Nguo 1 1 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Foods, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 2 Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia ABSTRACT Understanding energy expenditure in children with chronic disease is critical due to the impact on energy homeostasis and growth. This systematic review aimed to describe available literature of resting (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in children with chronic disease measured by gold-standard methods of indirect calorimetry (IC) and doubly labeled water (DLW), respectively. A literature search was conducted using OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, and Scopus until July 2023. Studies were included if the mean age of the participants was 18 y, participants had a chronic disease, and measurement of REE or TEE was conducted using IC or DLW, respectively. Studies investigating energy expenditure in premature infants, patients with acute illness, and intensive care patients were excluded. The primary outcomes were the type of data (REE, TEE) obtained and REE/TEE stratified by disease group. In total, 271 studies across 24 chronic conditions were identified. Over 60% of retrieved studies were published >10 y ago and conducted on relatively small population sizes (n range ¼ 1–398). Most studies obtained REE samples (82%) rather than that of TEE (8%), with very few exploring both samples (10%). There was variability in the difference in energy expenditure in children with chronic disease compared with that of healthy control group across and within disease groups. Eighteen predictive energy equations were generated across the included studies. Quality assessment of the studies identified poor reporting of energy expenditure protocols, which may limit the validity of results. Current literature on energy expenditure in children with chronic disease, although extensive, reveals key future research opportunities. International collaboration and robust measurement of energy expenditure should be conducted to generate meaningful predictive energy equations to provide updated evidence that is reflective of emerging disease-modifying therapies. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42020204690. Keywords: systematic review, energy expenditure, children, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z