http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5697 2026-04-26T06:36:38Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5709 Title: The Healthy Eating Index-2015 and All-Cause/Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis Authors: Hao, Xuanyu; Li, Dongyang Abstract: The Healthy Eating Index-2015 and All-Cause/Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis Xuanyu Hao 1, Dongyang Li 2,* 1 The Department of Gastroenterology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China; 2 The Department of Urology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China A B S T R A C T This meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the predictive value of Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 in all-cause, cancer-cause, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-cause mortality. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42023421585. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles published by September 15, 2023. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated with exact confidence intervals (CIs) of 95%. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was measured by Cochran's Q test (χ2) and the I2 statistic. Eighteen published studies were finally identified in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the HEI-2015 was associated with all-cause mortality either as a categorical variable (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.82) or continuous variable (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.92). The HEI-2015 was also associated with cancer-cause mortality as categorical variable (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.83) or continuous variable (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99). The categorical HEI-2015 was also independently correlated with decreasing CVD-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.87). A nonlinear dose–response relation between the HEI-2015 and all-cause mortality was found. In the linear dose–response analysis, the risk of mortality from cancer decreased by 0.42% per 1 score increment of the HEI-2015 and the risk of CVD-cause mortality decreased by 0.51% with the increment of the HEI-2015 per 1 score. Our analysis indicated a significant relationship between the HEI-2015 and all-cause, cancer-cause, and CVD-cause mortality. Keywords: Healthy Eating Index-2015, all-cause mortality, cancer-cause mortality, CVD-cause mortality, dose–response, meta-analysis 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5708 Title: Potential Mechanisms of Precision Nutrition-Based Interventions for Managing Obesity Authors: H Mehta, Neel; L Huey, Samantha; Kuriyan, Rebecca Abstract: Potential Mechanisms of Precision Nutrition-Based Interventions for Managing Obesity Neel H Mehta 1,y, Samantha L Huey 1,2,y, Rebecca Kuriyan 3, Juan Pablo Pe~na-Rosas 4, Julia L Finkelstein 1,2,3, Sangeeta Kashyap 5, Saurabh Mehta 1,2,6,* 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; 2 Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; 3 Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; 4 Global Initiatives, The Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 5 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States; 6 Division of Medical Informatics, St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India A B S T R A C T Precision nutrition (PN) considers multiple individual-level and environmental characteristics or variables to better inform dietary strategies and interventions for optimizing health, including managing obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we review the evidence on potential mechanisms—including ones to identify individuals most likely to respond—that can be leveraged in the development of PN interventions addressing obesity. We conducted a review of the literature and included laboratory, animal, and human studies evaluating biochemical and genetic data, completed and ongoing clinical trials, and public programs in this review. Our analysis describes the potential mechanisms related to 6 domains including genetic predisposition, circadian rhythms, physical activity and sedentary behavior, metabolomics, the gut microbiome, and behavioral and socioeconomic characteristics, i.e., the factors that can be leveraged to design PN-based interventions to prevent and treat obesity-related outcomes such as weight loss or metabolic health as laid out by the NIH 2030 Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms can modify responses to certain dietary interventions, and epigenetic modulation of obesity risk via physical activity patterns and macronutrient intake have also been demonstrated. Additionally, we identified limitations including questions of equitable implementation across a limited number of clinical trials. These include the limited ability of current PN interventions to address systemic influences such as supply chains and food distribution, healthcare systems, racial or cultural inequities, and economic disparities, particularly when designing and implementing PN interventions in low- and middle-income communities. PN has the potential to help manage obesity by addressing intra- and inter-individual variation as well as context, as opposed to “one-size fits all” approaches though there is limited clinical trial evidence to date. Keywords: personalized nutrition, overweight, adiposity, prevention, interventions, randomized trials 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5707 Title: The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet for the Aging Brain: A Systematic Review Authors: PM van Soest, Annick; Beers, Sonja; van de Rest, Ondine; CPGM de Groot, Lisette Abstract: The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet for the Aging Brain: A Systematic Review Annick PM van Soest *,y, Sonja Beers y, Ondine van de Rest, Lisette CPGM de Groot Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands A B S T R A C T The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet seems a promising approach to preserve brain function during aging. Previous systematic reviews have demonstrated benefits of the MIND diet for cognition and dementia, though an update is needed. Additionally, other outcomes relevant to brain aging have not been summarized. Therefore, this systematic review aims to give an up-to-date and complete overview on human studies that examined the MIND diet in relation to brain aging outcomes in adults aged 40 y. Ovid Medline, Web of Science core collection, and Scopus were searched up to July 25, 2023. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. We included 40 articles, of which 32 were unique cohorts. Higher MIND diet adherence was protective of dementia in 7 of 10 cohorts. Additionally, positive associations were demonstrated in 3 of 4 cohorts for global cognition and 4 of 6 cohorts for episodic memory. The protective effects of the MIND diet on cognitive decline are less apparent, with only 2 of 7 longitudinal cohorts demonstrating positive associations for global decline and 1 of 6 for episodic memory decline. For other brain outcomes (domain-specific cognition, cognitive impairments, Parkinson’s disease, brain volume, and pathology), results were mixed or only few studies had been performed. Many of the cohorts demonstrating protective associations were of North American origin, raising the question if the most favorable diet for healthy brain aging is population-dependent. In conclusion, this systematic review provides observational evidence for protective associations between the MIND diet and global cognition and dementia risk, but evidence for other brain outcomes remains mixed and/or limited. The MIND diet may be the preferred diet for healthy brain aging in North American populations, though evidence for other populations seems less conclusive. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022254625. Keywords: MIND diet, dietary pattern, nutrition, diet, cognitive function, Alzheimer’s disease, healthy aging, older adults, elderly 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5706 Title: The Role of Early Life Gut Mycobiome on Child Health Authors: Amber Rodriguez, Kayleigh; Gurung, Manoj; Talatala, Rachelanne Abstract: The Role of Early Life Gut Mycobiome on Child Health Kayleigh Amber Rodriguez 1,2,y, Manoj Gurung 3,4,y, Rachelanne Talatala 3, Jolene R Rearick 3,4, Meghan L Ruebel 3,4, Kimberly E Stephens 1,2,*, Laxmi Yeruva 3,4,** 1 Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States; 2 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Little Rock, AR, United States; 3 Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Little Rock, AR, United States; 4 Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States A B S T R A C T The human gut microbiota is composed of bacteria (microbiota or microbiome), fungi (mycobiome), viruses, and archaea, but most of the research is primarily focused on the bacterial component of this ecosystem. Besides bacteria, fungi have been shown to play a role in host health and physiologic functions. However, studies on mycobiota composition during infancy, the factors that might shape infant gut mycobiota, and implications to child health and development are limited. In this review, we discuss the factors likely shaping gut mycobiota, interkingdom interactions, and associations with child health outcomes and highlight the gaps in our current knowledge of this ecosystem. Keywords: mycobiome, mycobiota, microbiota, milk, gut, fungus, early life 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z