http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5186 2067-2678 2026-04-25T17:04:27Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5308 Title: MachineLearninginNutritionResearch Authors: Kirk, Daniel; Kok, Esther; Tufano, Michele; Tekinerdogan, Bedir; Edith JM, Feskens; Guido, Camps Abstract: Data currently generated in the field of nutrition are becoming increasingly complex and high-dimensional, bringing with them new methods of data analysis. The characteristics of machine learning (ML) make it suitable for such analysis and thus lend itself as an alternative tool to deal with data of this nature. ML has already been applied in important problem areas in nutrition,such as obesity, metabolic health, and malnutrition. Despite this, experts in nutrition are often without an understanding of ML, which limits its application and therefore potential to solve currently open questions. The current article aims to bridge this knowledge gap by supplying nutrition researchers with a resource to facilitate the use of ML in their research. ML is first explained and distinguished from existing solutions, with key examples of applications in the nutrition literature provided. Two case studies of domains in which ML is particularly applicable, precision nutrition and metabolomics, are then presented. Finally, a framework is outlined to guide interested researchers in integrating ML into their work. By acting as a resource to which researchers can refer, we hopetosupporttheintegrationofMLinthefieldofnutritiontofacilitatemodernresearch 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5307 Title: AScopingReviewoftheEnvironmentalImpacts andNutrientCompositionofPlant-BasedMilks Authors: J Berardy, Andrew; Rubín-García, María; Sabaté, Joan Abstract: Dairy milk is a ubiquitous nutrient-dense beverage and ingredient, especially in Western diets. However, consumers are increasingly seeking alternativestodairy,calledplant-basedmilks(PBMs),toavoidallergens,pursueaplant-baseddiet,orreducetheirenvironmentalimpacts.Thebase ingredients used in PBMs have a wide range of environmental impacts, which may translate to substantial variation across the impacts associated with PBMs themselves. To assess the state of the literature on this topic, we performed a scoping review of the environmental impacts of PBMs, followingtheguidelinesofthePreferredReportingItemsforSystematicReviewsandMeta-Analysesextensionforscopingreviews.Recentgrowth inthevarietyofPBMsavailablemeansthatthereisunlikelyyetenoughdataforconclusivestatementsregardingenvironmentalimpactsofallPBM types,whichmakesthistopicappropriateforascopingreview.Weincludedallrelevantdocumentsfoundthroughsearchingscholarlydatabases. Wefound20studiescovering6typesofPBMs,buttheliteraturedoesnotexaminemanyothertypesofPBMs.Allstudiesexaminedusethelifecycle assessmentmethodology.Themostdataregardingenvironmentalimpactswereavailableforsoy-andalmond-basedmilks,andthemostcommon impact quantified was greenhouse gas emissions. We also examined the nutrient composition of PBMs compared with dairy using data from the USDA. PBMs attempt to replicate the organoleptic properties of dairy but often do not exactly match the nutrient profile of dairy. We identified a needfortheapplicationofastandardizedmethodologytofacilitatemorecomprehensiveassessmentofenvironmentalimpactsofthewidevariety ofPBMsavailable,whicharepresentedasenvironmentallypreferabletodairy 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5306 Title: FoodSecurityStatusofIndigenousPeoplesin CanadaAccordingtothe4PillarsofFoodSecurity: AScopingReview Authors: Shafiee, Mojtaba; Keshavarz, Pardis; Lane, Ginny; Pahwa, Punam; Szafron, Michael; Jennings, Derek; Vatanparast, Hassan Abstract: Food insecurity is a significant public health problem for Indigenous peoples in Canada. A comprehensive literature review is needed to organize theevidenceaccordingtothe4pillarsoffoodsecurity(i.e.,availability,access,utilization,andstability)andidentifygapsinthepublishedliterature on this topic. Therefore, in this scoping review we aimed to summarize the published research discussing any of the 4 pillars of food security amongIndigenouspeoplesinCanada.Weconductedaliteraturesearchofthefollowingdatabases:OvidMedline,EMBASE,WebofScience(Web ofKnowledge),andCINAHL,aswellastheIndigenousStudiesPortal(uptoJune19,2021).Population-basedstudiesofanydesignwereincluded, exceptforreview-stylearticles.ArticlespublishedinlanguagesotherthanEnglishwerealsoexcluded.Ofthe4687studiesidentifiedbythedatabase searches, 91 met our inclusion criteria. Evidence from these studies indicates that all dimensions of food security among Indigenous peoples in Canada have been impacted. Lack of availability of both traditional and market foods is highlighted among Inuit and First Nation communities. Economic disadvantages, high food prices, and lack of access to transportation are major factors affecting the accessibility pillar of food security. Major factors affecting the utilization pillar of food security are the loss of traditional knowledge and skills, lack of knowledge on market foods, low quality of market foods, and food safety issues. Climate change has affected all 4 pillars of food security among Indigenous peoples. These findingssuggestthatresolvingfoodinsecurityissuesamongIndigenouspeoplesinCanada,especiallythoselivinginremotecommunities,requires aculturallyspecificintegratedapproachtargetingfoodavailability,foodcost,foodknowledge,foodsafety,andfoodquality 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5305 Title: HumanMilkLipidProfilesaroundtheWorld:A SystematicReviewandMeta-Analysis Authors: Zhang, Zheqing; Wang, Yingyao; Yang, Xiaoguang; Cheng, Yiyong; Zhang, Hong Abstract: Reported breast milk lipid concentrations may vary with geographical region, postnatal age, and year of sample collection. In this review, we summarized data on the concentrations of total fat, total phospholipids, cholesterol, and fatty acids in human milk worldwide and their variation according to lactation stage, study area, and sample collection year. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline databases for English-language papers and Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for Chinese-language papers. A total of 186 studies evaluating the human milk lipid profiles were included. According to random-effects models basedonworldwidedata,thesummarizedmeans(95%CIs)aspercentagesoftotalfatwere42.2%(41.1%,43.3%)forSFAs,36.6%(35.6%,37.5%)for MUFAs, and 21.0% (19.3%, 22.7%) for PUFAs. However, the studyheterogeneity was high formost types of fattyacids(I2 > 99%). Human milk from Western countries had higher concentrations of MUFAs and 18:1n–9 (ω-9), but lower concentrations of PUFAs, 18:2n–6, 20:4n–6, 18:3n–3, 20:5n– 3, 22:6n–3, and total n–6 PUFA compared with those from non-Western countries (P < 0.001–0.011). Significant lactation stage differences were observed for total fat and some individual fatty acids. The concentrations of SFAs and 16:0 were significantly negatively correlated with sampling year (P < 0.001–0.028). In contrast, a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of 18:2n–6 and 18:3n–3 and sampling year was observed (P < 0.001–0.035). Our results suggest that the pooling of data on human milk lipid profiles in different studies should be done with cautionduetothehighbetween-studyheterogeneity.Theconcentrationoflipids,includingtotalfat,cholesterol,andspecificfattyacids,differsin humanmilkaccordingtolactationstage,geographicalregion,andyearofsamplecollection 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z