http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5116 1-354 2026-04-08T21:39:42Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5138 Title: DesignFactorsforFoodSupplementationand NutritionEducationInterventionsThatLimit ConclusionsaboutEffectivenessforWasting Prevention:AScopingReviewofPeer-Reviewed Literature Authors: BIckes, Scott; Craig, Christina Abstract: Weconductedascopingreview to characterizethe evidence base forthe effectiveness of foodsupplementation (FS),nutritioneducation(NE), or FS/NE interventions to prevent wasting among children aged 6 to 59 mo. We aimed to identify gaps in peer-reviewed literature and to develop recommendations for strengthening study designs. We identified 56 unique studies (FS = 21, NE = 19, FS/NE = 16) for which we assessed interventiondesignfactors,implementationcontext,evaluationmethods,andwastingimpact.Comparedwithstudiesfocusedonstunting,fewer wasting-focusedstudiesreportedweight-for-heightzscore(WHZ).Midupperarmcircumference(MUAC)wasmorecommonlyreportedinwastingfocusedstudies(71.4%)thanthosefocusedonstunting(36.8%)orwastingandstunting(30.4%).FSstudiesmeasuredanthropometry(mean,95% CI) more frequently at every 11.3 (7.8, 14.8) wk than NE interventions at 36.3 (8.8, 62.1) wk (P = 0.036), but not FS/NE interventions at 25.8 (5.6, 49.1) wk (P = 0.138). NE interventions tended to be of longer duration than FS or FS/NE interventions. Only 6 studies followed and measured children after the intervention period ended. Across all studies, 45% reported a significant effect on wasting; these included FS, NE, and FS/NE interventions.Thelackofcomparabilityacrossstudieslimitsconclusionsabouttheeffectivenessofspecifictypesofinterventions.Tobuildamore unifiedevidencebaseforwastingpreventionwerecommendthatfuturestudies1)reportonaconsistentsetofmetrics,includingMUAC;2)attempt to measure change in wasting incidence using more frequent measures; 3) measure wasting prevalence among the general population; 4) follow children postintervention to assess relapse; 5) measure food insecurity and diet quality; and 6) use harmonized protocols across multiple settings. Sucheffortstoimprovestudycomparabilitywillstrengthentheevidencebase,mayhelpunitedivergentprofessionalcommunities,andultimately accelerateprogresstowardeliminatingchildundernutrition 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5137 Title: Fructooligosaccharides:FromBreastMilk ComponentstoPotentialSupplements. ASystematicReview Authors: DeCosmi, Valentina; Mazzocchi, Alessandra Abstract: Breast milk is the optimal food choice for infant growth and development. Among breast milk components, fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are being actively studied because of their role in microbiota development. In particular, 2 -fucosyllactose is being proposed as a potential supplement/nutraceuticalorcomponentofinfantformula.Inthissystematicreview,wecriticallysummarizetheavailableinformationonFOSsand wediscusstheirfutureuseininfantnutrition.Wesearchedthemainelectronicdatabases(PubMed,Embase,andScopus),withafinalcheckinMay 2021.SearchtermswereinsertedindividuallyandusingtheBooleantoolsANDandOR.Relevantarticleswereidentifiedusingthefollowingwords: (“fructooligosaccharides”OR “FOS”) AND (“human milk”OR “breast milk”OR “donor milk”OR “bank milk”). The search retrieved 1814 articles. After removalofduplicates,wescreened1591articlesbasedontitle,abstract,andexclusiveuseoftheEnglishlanguage.Weincludedarticlesdescribing theconcentrationofFOSsinhumanmilkandassessedtherelevantones.Weexcludedreviews,studiesonanimals,andstudiesexclusivelycarriedout onadults.Also,weexcludedstudiesthathavenotreportedevidenceeitheronFOSsorongalactooligosaccharidesfromhumanmilk.Theresulting publicationswerereviewed,and10studieswereincludedinthesystematicreview.WeconcludethathumanmilkFOSsare,indeed,crucialtoinfant gutdevelopmentandtheiradditiontoinfantformulaissafe,well-tolerated,andmightprovideimmunebenefitstonewborns.However,wewould like to underscore the scantiness of human data and the need to avoid the immediate translation of infant research to the commercialization of supplementsmarketedtoadults 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5136 Title: EconomicEvaluationsofChildNutrition InterventionsinLow-andMiddle-Income Countries:SystematicReviewandQuality Appraisal Authors: Baek, Yeji; Ademi, Zanfina; Paudel Abstract: Economicevaluationiscrucialforcost-effectiveresourceallocationtoimprovechildnutritioninlowandmiddle-incomecountries(LMICs).However, thequalityofpublishedeconomicevaluationsinthesesettingsisnotwellunderstood.Thissystematicreviewaimedtoassessthequalityofexisting economic evaluations of child nutrition interventions in LMICs and synthesize the study characteristics and economic evidence. We searched 9 electronicdatabases,includingMEDLINE,withthefollowingconcepts:economicevaluation,children,nutrition,andLMICs.Alltypesofinterventions addressingmalnutrition,includingstunting,wasting,micronutrientdeficiency,andoverweight,wereidentified.Weincludedeconomicevaluations that examined both costs and effects published in English peer-reviewed journals and used the Drummond checklist for quality appraisal. We present findings through a narrative synthesis. Sixty-nine studies with diverse settings, perspectives, time horizons, and outcome measures were included. Most studies used data from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and addressed undernutrition. The mortality rate, intervention effect, intervention coverage, cost, and discount rate were reported as predictors among studies that performed sensitivity analyses. Despite the heterogeneity of included studies and the possibility of publication bias, 81% of included studies concluded that nutrition interventions were cost-effective or cost-beneficial, mostly based on a country’s cost-effectiveness thresholds. Regarding quality assessment, the studies published after 2016 met more criteria than studies published before 2016. Most studies had well-stated research questions, forms of economic evaluation, interventions,andconclusions.However,reportingtheperspectiveoftheanalyses,justificationofdiscountrates,anddescribingtheroleoffunders and ethics approval were identified as areas needing improvement. The gaps in the quality of reporting could be improved by consolidated guidanceonthepublicationofeconomicevaluationsandtheuseofappropriatequalityappraisalchecklists.Strengtheningtheevidencebasefor childmalnutritionacrossdifferentregionsisnecessarytoinformcost-effectiveinvestmentinLMICs.Trialregistration:PROSPEROCRD42020194445. AdvNutr2022;13:282–317. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5135 Title: ChronotypeDifferencesinEnergyIntake, CardiometabolicRiskParameters,Cancer,and Depression:ASystematicReviewwith Meta-AnalysisofObservationalStudies Authors: Lotti, Sofia; Pagliai, Giuditta Abstract: Chronotypeisabehavioralmanifestationoftheinternalcircadianclocksystem.Itreferstothespecificactivity-restpreferenceofanindividualover a 24-h period and can be assessed using different methodologies that classify individuals into morning or evening chronotype. In recent years, several studies have suggested a relation between individual chronotype, eating habits, and the risk of developing obesity and other conditions. Ouraimwastoevaluatetheassociationbetweenchronotype,energyintake,andhealthstatusthroughameta-analyticapproach.Acomprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database was conducted. Observational studies that reported a measure of associationbetweenchronotype,energyintake,andhealthindicatorswereconsideredeligible.Overall,39observationalstudies(37cross-sectional studies,2prospectivecohortstudies)wereincludedinthesystematicreview,withatotalof377,797subjects.Bycomparingmorningandevening subjects,pooledanalysesofcross-sectionalstudiesshowedsignificantly(P<0.001)higherconcentrationsofbloodglucose[meandifference(MD): 7.82;95%CI:3.18,12.45],glycatedhemoglobin(MD:7.64;95%CI:3.08,12.21),LDLcholesterol(MD:13.69;95%CI:6.84,20.54),andtriglycerides(MD: 12.62; 95% CI: 0.90, 24.35) in evening subjects. Furthermore, an association between evening type and the risk of diabetes (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.41), cancer (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and depression (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.88) was reported. Regarding the other outcomes examined, no significantdifferenceswereobservedbetweenthegroupsintermsofenergyintake,anthropometricparameters,bloodpressure,insulin,totaland HDLcholesterol,andhypertensionrisk.Inconclusion,eveningchronotypewasassociatedwithaworsecardiometabolicriskprofileandhigherrisk ofdiabetes,cancer,anddepression.Furtherstudiesareneededtoconfirmtheseresultsandtobetterelucidatetheinterplaybetweenchronotype, nutrition,andhealthstatus.Thissystematicreviewwasregisteredatwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/asCRD42021231044 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z