http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4796 753-1069 2026-04-28T03:46:02Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5010 Title: CanChildrenCatchupfromtheConsequencesof Undernourishment?EvidencefromChildLinear Growth,DevelopmentalEpigenetics,andBrainand NeurocognitiveDevelopment Authors: Leroy, Jef L; Frongillo, Edward A; Dewan, Pragya Abstract: Recovery from nutritionally induced height deficits continues to garner attention. The current literature on catch-up growth, however, has 2importantlimitations:wide-rangingdefinitionsofcatch-upgrowthareused,anditremainsunclearwhetherchildrencanrecoverfromthebroader consequencesofundernutrition.Weaddressedtheseshortcomingsbyreviewingtheliteratureonthecriteriaforcatch-upinlineargrowthandon thepotentialtorecoverfromundernutritionearlyinlifein3domains:lineargrowth,developmentalepigenetics,andchildbrainandneurocognitive development.Fourcriteriamustbemettodemonstratecatch-upgrowthinheight:afteraperiodinwhichagrowth-inhibitingcondition(criterion 1) causes a reductionin linear growth velocity (criterion2), alleviation of the inhibiting condition(criterion3) leads to higher-than-normal velocity (criterion 4). Accordingly, studies that are observational, do not use absolute height, or have no alleviation of an inhibiting condition cannot be used to establish catch-up growth. Adoption and foster care, which provide dramatic improvements in children’s living conditions not typically attained in nutrition interventions, led to some (but incomplete) recovery in linear growth and brain and neurocognitive development. Maternal nutrition around the time of conception was shown to have long-term (potentially permanent) effects on DNA methylation in the offspring. Undernourishment early in life may thus have profound irreversible effects. Scientific, program, and policy efforts should focus on preventing maternalandchildundernutritionratherthanoncorrectingitsconsequencesorattemptingtoprovetheycanbecorrected 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5008 Title: SystematicReviewofDietaryPatternsand SustainabilityintheUnitedStates Authors: Reinhardt, Sarah L; Boehm, Rebecca; Blackstone, Nicole Tichenor Abstract: Improvingawarenessandaccessibilityofhealthydietsarekeychallengesforhealthprofessionalsandpolicymakersalike.WhiletheUSgovernment has been assessing and encouraging nutritious diets via the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) since 1980, the long-term sustainability, and thus availability, of those diets has received less attention. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) examined the evidence on sustainable diets for the first time, but this topic was not included within the scope of work for the 2020 DGAC. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence on US dietary patterns and sustainability outcomes published from 2015 to 2019 replicating the 2015 DGAC methodology. The 22 studies meeting inclusion criteria reveal a rapid expansion of research on US dietary patterns and sustainability, including 8 studies comparing the sustainability of DGA-compliant dietary patterns with current US diets. Our results challenge prior findings that diets adhering to national dietary guidelines are more sustainable than current average diets and indicate that the Healthy US-style dietary pattern recommended by the DGA may lead to similar or increased greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, and water use compared with the current US diet. However, consistent with previous research, studies meeting inclusion criteria generally support the conclusion that, among healthy dietarypatterns,thosehigherinplant-basedfoodsandlowerinanimal-basedfoodswouldbebeneficialforenvironmentalsustainability.Additional researchisneededtofurtherevaluatewaystoimprovefoodsystemsustainabilitythroughbothdietaryshiftsandagriculturalpracticesintheUnited States 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5005 Title: DietaryPotassiumIntakeandRiskofChronic KidneyDiseaseProgressioninPredialysisPatients withChronicKidneyDisease:ASystematicReview Authors: Picard, Kelly; Silva, Maria Ines Barreto Abstract: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and dietary interventions may be a strategy to reduce this burden. In the general population, higher potassium intake is considered protective for cardiovascular health. Due to the risk of hyperkalemia in CKD, limiting potassium intake is often recommended. However, given that poor cardiovascular function can cause kidney damage, following a low-potassium diet may be deleterious for patients with CKD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on dietary potassium intake and CKD progression. Multiple databases were searched on 7 June 2019 and data were managed with Covidence. No intervention trials met the inclusion criteria. Eleven observational studies met the inclusion criteria (10 post hoc analyses, 1 retrospective cohort), representing 49,573 stage 1–5 predialysis patients with CKD from 41 different countries. Of the 11 studies, 6 studies reported exclusively on early CKD (stage 1–2), 4 studies separately reported analyses on both early and late (stage 3–5) CKD, and 2 studies reported exclusively on late CKD. A total of 9 studies reported riskofdiseaseprogressioninearlyCKD;in4studieshighpotassiumintakewasassociatedwithlowerrisk,whilein2studiesthelowintakeshowed a higher progression of risk, and 3 studies reported no relation. In late CKD, results are mixed: 2 studies suggested benefit of higher potassium intake and 1 suggested benefit of lower potassium intake, whereas 3 studies were neutral. These results should be interpreted with caution, as considerationspreventingfirmconclusionsinclude1)theoveralllowrangeofdietarypotassiumintake,withallstudiesreportinganaverageintake below the 2004 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives guidelines, and 2) the method used to assess potassium intake in most studies (i.e., urine) in late stages of CKD. Ideally, well-controlled intervention studies are needed to understand how dietary potassium intake is linked to CKD progression. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5003 Title: SkeletalMuscleDisuseAtrophyandthe RehabilitativeRoleofProteininRecoveryfrom MusculoskeletalInjury Authors: Howard, Emily E; Pasiakos, Stefan M; Fussell, Maya A Abstract: Muscle atrophy and weakness occur as a consequence of disuse after musculoskeletal injury (MSI). The slow recovery and persistence of these deficits even after physical rehabilitation efforts indicate that interventions designed to attenuate muscle atrophy and protect muscle function are necessary to accelerate and optimize recovery from MSI. Evidence suggests that manipulating protein intake via dietary protein or free amino acid–based supplementation diminishes muscle atrophy and/or preserves muscle function in experimental models of disuse (i.e., immobilization andbedrestinhealthypopulations).However,thisconcepthasrarelybeenconsideredinthecontextofdisusefollowingMSI,whichoftenoccurs withsomemuscleactivationduringpostinjuryphysicalrehabilitation.Giventhatexercisesensitizesskeletalmuscletotheanaboliceffectofprotein ingestion,earlyrehabilitationmayactsynergisticallywithdietaryproteintoprotectmusclemassandfunctionduringpostinjurydisuseconditions. Thisnarrativereviewexploresmechanismsofskeletalmuscledisuseatrophyandrecentadvancesdelineatingtheroleofproteinintakeasapotential countermeasure. The possible synergistic effect of protein-based interventions and postinjury rehabilitation in attenuating muscle atrophy and weaknessfollowingMSIisalsoconsidered 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z