http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4795 469-735 2026-04-08T21:38:46Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4929 Title: FoodInsecurityandCognitiveFunctioninMiddle toOlderAdulthood:ASystematicReview Authors: MuziNa; NanDou; NaiwenJi, DixinXie; JieHuang 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4922 Title: Retinol,RetinoicAcid,andRetinol-BindingProtein 4areDifferentiallyAssociatedwithCardiovascular Disease,Type2Diabetes,andObesity:An OverviewofHumanStudies Authors: Olsen, Thomas; Blomhoff1, Rune Abstract: VitaminAisafat-solubleessentialnutrientobtainedfromplant-andanimal-basedsourcesthathasrolesingrowth,vision,andmetabolism.Vitamin Acirculatesmainlyasretinolboundtoretinol-bindingprotein4(RBP4),andisdeliveredtotissuesandconvertedtoretinoicacid,whichisaligandfor severalnuclearreceptors.Inrecentyears,aspectsofvitaminAmetabolismhavebeenunderscrutinywithregardstothedevelopmentofmetabolic andlifestylediseasesincludingcardiovasculardisease(CVD),type2diabetesmellitus(T2DM),andoverweightandobesityinhumans.Studieshave mainlyfocusedonRBP4inthiscontext,whereasthemajorcirculatingform,retinol,andthemajorbioactiveform,retinoicacid,havebeenoverlooked inthisregarduntilrecently.AsoneofthemainrolesofRBP4istodeliverretinoltotissuesforbiologicalaction,theassociationsofretinolandretinoic acidwiththesediseasesmustalsobeconsidered.Inthisreview,wesummarizeanddiscussrecentandavailableevidencefromhumanstudieswith focusonretinol,retinoicacid,andRBP4andprovideanoverviewofthesecrucialcomponentsofvitaminAmetabolisminCVD,T2DM,andobesity. Insummary,retinolwasfoundtobebothinversely andpositivelyassociatedwithCVD whereastheassociationswithT2DMandobesitywere less clear. Although only a few studies have been published on retinoic acid, it was inversely associated with CVD. In contrast, serum RBP4 was mostly foundtobepositivelyassociatedwithCVD,T2DM,andobesity.Atpresent,itisdifficulttoascertainwhythereportedassociationsdifferdepending onthecompoundunderstudy,butthereisaclearimbalanceintheliteratureindisfavorofretinolandretinoicacid,whichneedstobeconsidered infuturehumanstudies 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4917 Title: CarotenoidIntakeandCirculatingCarotenoidsAre InverselyAssociatedwiththeRiskofBladder Cancer:ADose-ResponseMeta-analysis Authors: ShenghuiWu; YanningLiu; Joel, EMichalek; Mesa, Ruben A Abstract: Some evidence indicates that carotenoids may reduce the risk of bladder cancer (BC), but the association is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies investigating the relation between carotenoid intake or circulating carotenoid concentrations and BC risk in men and women. All relevant epidemiologic studies were identified by a search of PubMed and Scopus databases, andtheCochraneLibraryfrominceptiontoApril2019withnorestrictions.Arandom-effectsmodelwasusedtocalculatepooledRRsandtheir95% CIsacrossstudiesforhighcomparedwithlowcategoriesofintakeorcirculatingconcentrations.Wealsoperformedadose-responsemeta-analysis usingtheGreenlandandLongneckermethodandrandom-effectsmodels.Atotalof22studiesinvolving516,740adultswereincludedinthemetaanalysis. The pooled RRs of BC for the highest compared with the lowest category of carotenoid intake and circulating carotenoid concentrations were0.88(95%CI:0.76,1.03)and0.36(95%CI:0.12,1.07),respectively.ThepooledRRofBCforthehighestcomparedwithlowestcirculatinglutein andzeaxanthinconcentrationswas0.53(95%CI:0.33,0.84).Dose-responseanalysisshowedthatBCriskdecreasedby42%forevery1mgincrease in daily dietary β-cryptoxanthin intake (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.94); by 76% for every 1 μmol/L increase in circulating concentration of α-carotene (RR:0.24;95%CI:0.08,0.67);by27%forevery1 μmol/Lincreaseincirculatingconcentrationof β-carotene(RR:0.73;95%CI:0.57,0.94);andby56% forevery 1 μmol/Lincreaseincirculatingconcentrationsoflutein andzeaxanthin (RR: 0.44;95% CI:0.28, 0.67). Dietary β-cryptoxanthinintakeand circulatingconcentrationsofα-carotene,β-carotene,andluteinandzeaxanthinwereinverselyassociatedwithBCrisk.Theprotocolwasregistered atPROSPEROasCRD42019133240 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4913 Title: AdaptationoftheGutMicrobiotatoModern DietarySugarsandSweeteners Authors: Rienzi, Sara C Di; Britton, Robert A Abstract: The consumption of sugar has become central to the Western diet. Cost and health concerns associated with sucrose spurred the development and consumption of other sugars and sweeteners, with the average American consuming 10 times more sugar than 100 y ago. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes are affected by changes in the consumption of sugars and other sweeteners through transcriptional, abundance, and geneticadaptations.Weproposethattheseadaptationsresultinmicrobestakingondifferentmetabolic,ecological,andgeneticprofilesalongthe intestinaltract.Wesuggestnovelapproachestoassesstheconsequencesofthesechangesonhost–microbeinteractionstodeterminethesafety ofnovelsugarsandsweeteners. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z