http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4490 185-411 2026-04-08T21:05:09Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4846 Title: Zinc Supplementation and BodyWeight: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Authors: Abdollahi, Shima Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measures. In this systematic review and dose– response meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to August 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Mean differences and SDs for each outcome were pooled using a random-effects model. Furthermore, a dose–response analysis for zinc dosage was performed using a fractional polynomial model. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Twenty-seven trials (n= 1438 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures after zinc supplementation in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analyses revealed that zinc supplementation increased body weight in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) [3 trials, n = 154 participants; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.02 kg; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.65 kg; P= 0.002; I2 = 11.4%] and decreased body weight in subjects who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy (5 trials, n= 245 participants; WMD=−0.55 kg; 95% CI: −1.06, −0.04 kg; P= 0.03; I2 = 31.5%). Dose– response analyses revealed a significant nonlinear effect of supplementation dosage on BMI (P=0.001). Our data suggest that zinc supplementation increases body weight in patients undergoing HD and decreases body weight in individuals who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy, although after normalization for study duration, the association observed in subjects who are overweight/obese disappeared. Although more high-quality studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion, our study supports the view that zinc may be associated with body weight. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4845 Title: Food Environment Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review Authors: Turner, Christopher Abstract: 387–397. Keywords: ,,, food desert, low- and middle-income countries, double burden of malnutrition, food and nutrition security, diets, nutrition, health 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4843 Title: TheWater Footprint of Diets: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Authors: Harris, Francesca; Moss, Cami; Joy, Edward JM; Quinn, Ruth Abstract: Agricultural water requirements differ between foods. Population-level dietary preferences are therefore a major determinant of agricultural water use. The “water footprint” (WF) represents the volume of water consumed in the production of food items, separated by water source; blue WF represents ground and surface water use, and green WF represents rain water use. We systematically searched for published studies using the WF to assess the water use of diets. We used the available evidence to quantify the WF of diets in different countries, and grouped diets in patterns according to study definition. “Average” patterns equated to those currently consumed, whereas “healthy” patterns included those recommended in national dietary guidelines.We searched 7 online databases and identified 41 eligible studies that reported the dietary green WF, blueWF, or total WF (green plus blue) (1964 estimates for 176 countries). The available evidence suggests that, on average, European (170 estimates) and Oceanian (18 estimates) dietary patterns have the highest green WFs (median per capita: 2999 L/d and 2924 L/d, respectively), whereas Asian dietary patterns (98 estimates) have the highest blue WFs (median: 382 L/d per capita). Foods of animal origin are major contributors to the green WFs of diets, whereas cereals, fruits, nuts, and oils are major contributors to the blue WF of diets. “Healthy” dietary patterns (425 estimates) had green WFs that were 5.9% (95% CI: −7.7, −4.0) lower than those of “average” dietary patterns, but they did not differ in their blue WFs. Our review suggests that changes toward healthier diets could reduce total water use of agriculture, butwould not affect blue water use. Rapid dietary change and increasing water security concerns underscore the need for a better understanding of the amount and type of water used in food production to make informed policy decisions 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4840 Title: Farm to School Activities and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review Authors: Prescott, Melissa Pflugh; Cleary, Rebecca; Bonanno, Alessandro; Costanigro, Marco Abstract: Farm to school programs (F2SPs) operate in 42% of school districts and are supported in part through federal and state policies as well as philanthropic funding. Although research evaluating the effects of farm to school–related activities on student outcomes is growing, a systematic review of the results and thus a synthesis of implications for future programming have not occurred. The primary objective of this systematic literature review is to summarize and evaluate studies on student outcomes associated with farm to school–related activities up to 1 September, 2017. Four databases spanning 4 research disciplines were used to identify full-text, English-language studies. Twenty-one studies were reviewed: 7 explicitly investigated F2SPs, and 14 evaluated the impact of school-based interventions that were relevant to activities reported in the 2013 and/or 2015 Farm to School Census. All of the F2SP studies (n = 7) and 85.7% of farm to school–related activity studies (n = 12) were multicomponent, and there was a wide variety of implemented intervention components across the reviewed studies. Results from F2SP and farm to school–related activity studies consistently show positive impacts on food and nutrition-related knowledge; most studies also suggest a positive relation between farmto school–related activities and healthy food selection during school meals, nutrition self-efficacy, and willingness to try fruits and vegetables. The impact of farm to school activities on fruit and vegetable consumption and preferences is unclear. The most common F2SP study limitations were study designs that preclude causal inference, outcome measurement with no reported or limited psychometric testing, lack of long-term outcome evaluation, and challenges related to quantifying intervention implementation. These findings underscore the need for more conclusive evidence on the relation between farm to school–related activities and changes in fruit and vegetable consumption 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z