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Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Essential Oils in Memory and Learning Impairment

2024-12-19T02:47:02Z

Title: Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Essential Oils in Memory and Learning Impairment Authors: R. Silva-Correa, Carmen Abstract: Memory and learning is negatively affected by many factors. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible neurological disorder that occurs gradually, a sickness that is increasingly common, and multiple scientific articles suggest that essential oils improve memory and learning and are useful in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review aims to conduct a critical collection of current information on research into both memory and learning impairment, as well as essential oils that are able to avoid this neurodegenerative disease. Currently, different animal models have been useful for the study of neurodegenerative problems that alter memory and learning, experimental pharmacological, genetic and toxicological models that can simulate specific cognitive deficit syndromes. In addition, research in this review show several essential oil compounds that present positive results in animal studies, but still lack human clinical trials. Therefore, the assessment of the safety and efficacy of these phytochemical compounds in diseases that cause memory impairment and learning, remain a promising area for future research. Key words: Essential oil, Alzheimer disease, Neurodegenerative diseases, Animal model, Memory, Learning

Synergistic Efficacy of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Bactericidal Properties of the Aerial Essential Oil of Laggera crispata

2024-12-19T02:44:00Z

Title: Synergistic Efficacy of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Bactericidal Properties of the Aerial Essential Oil of Laggera crispata Authors: Zacchaeus S, Ololade; Iyadunni A, Anuoluwa Abstract: This study was undertaken to provide more scientific information about the phytochemical composition of Laggera crispata known for its medicinal uses. Essential oil was isolated by hydro-distillation, analysed using GC-MS, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and other established biochemical assays were used for the study. The GC-MS analysis of the aerial essential oil of L. crispata showed the presence of 35 medicinal organic compounds making up 84.4% of the oil. The most abundant component was a phenolic compound called 2-tert-Butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (54.5%). The other major terpenoids present in the oil were α-humulene (6.9%) and (+)-sabinene (5.9%). The TPC, TFC, TAA and TAC values of the aerial essential oil of L. crispata were 172.75±0.00 μgmg-1 GAE, 48.69±0.00 μgmg-1 QE, 61.85±0.00 μgmg-1 AAE and 726.92±0.00 μgmg-1 AAE respectively. DPPH IC50 and AAI values of the essential oil were 1.5 μgml-1 and 26.7. The essential oil displayed varying inhibitory activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 08-30 mm. The in vitro pharmacological activities added scientific support to the use of L. crispata in alternative and complementary medicine. The essential oil of L. crispata grown in Nigeria will play beneficial roles in human and animal health and therefore a research on this plant might be of great value in drug industries. Key words: Laggera crispata, Asteraceae, Aerial essential oil, Secondary metabolites, Antioxidant, Antibacterial.

Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on the Stem Bark of Rhinachantus Nasutus (L.) Kurz, Total Phenolic, and Its Potential as Antioxidant and Inhibitor of Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Activity

2024-12-19T02:37:11Z

Title: Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on the Stem Bark of Rhinachantus Nasutus (L.) Kurz, Total Phenolic, and Its Potential as Antioxidant and Inhibitor of Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Activity Authors: Irawan, Candra; Elya, Berna; Hanafi, Muhammad; Chany Saputri, Fadlina Abstract: Aims: This study aims to obtain a stem bark extract of Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and reveal: the total phenolic content in the extract; The extract's potential as an antioxidant with copper-reducing strength parameters, and its potential as an antidiabetic by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity. Results: The crude ethanol extract of R. nasutus stem bark obtained from the UAE process was 7.4896 g with a yield of 4.99%. The high total phenolic content, namely 677.3343±0.0007 mg GAE / g sample, the antioxidant activity test using the CUPRAC method gave an IC50 value of 18.43±0.20 mg / L. In addition, the ethanol extract of stem bark has a high ability to inhibit the activity of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 10.95±0.28 mg / L. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the stem bark of R. nasutus from UAE has the potential as a source of antioxidants and antidiabetic. Key words: Alpha-glucosidase enzyme, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz, Total phenolics content, Ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Antioxidant Capacity of Chuquiraga Spinosa Less. "Huamanpinta" and Prevention of Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Mice

2024-12-19T02:34:49Z

Title: Antioxidant Capacity of Chuquiraga Spinosa Less. "Huamanpinta" and Prevention of Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Mice Authors: Jesús Justil-Guerrero, Hugo Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Chuquiraga spinosa extracts and prevention of carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. Methodology: Experimental design: plant species, erythrocytes and male BALB C53 mice, were considered as biological material. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated in 50%, 70%, 96% and aqueous ethanolic extracts by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl reduction, malondialdehyde inhibition in oxidized erythrocytes with H2O2 and correlating with polyphenol content equivalent to gallic acid/gram dry extract. Inflammation was evaluated by inoculating carrageenan 2% in "subcutaneous air bag" of mice: 1) White, 2) carrageenan, 3) dexamethasone 2 mg/kg, 4-6) ethanolic extract 70% doses 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively; determining nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, total proteins, albumin, leukocytes in exudate and histological changes. Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic compounds, tannins, carbohydrates, triterpenes, steroids and sesquiterpene lactones were identified; aqueous extract presented greater reduction of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (CI50 = 58.99 μg/mL), ethanolic extract 70% presented greater inhibition of malondialdehyde in erythrocytes (CI50 = 16.44 nm/mL); It was observed that the higher the amount of polyphenols, the greater the reduction of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (r=-0.909) and the greater the inhibition of malondialdehyde (r=-0.781). With 500 mg/kg of 70% ethanolic extract there was greater anti-inflammatory effect inhibiting malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, albumin, total proteins and leukocytes in 55.55%, 81.92%, 41.20%, 31.51% and 32.45% (p<0.01) respectively and less infiltration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in air sac membrane. Conclusion: The extracts of aerial parts of Chuquiraga spinosa showed antioxidant capacity correlated to polyphenol content. The 70% ethanolic extract prevented inflammation in mice in a dosedependent manner. Key words: Oxidative stress, Antioxidant, Ethanolic extract, Lipoperoxidation, Nitric oxide, Leukocytes