DSpace Collection: 537 - 723

Amelioration of the hepatotoxic effects of nonsteroidal drugs using vitamin C and determination of their relationship with the lipid profile

2024-11-05T08:18:37Z

Title: Amelioration of the hepatotoxic effects of nonsteroidal drugs using vitamin C and determination of their relationship with the lipid profile Authors: Al-Hayder, Manal N.; Aledani, Tamadir H.W.; Al-Mayyahi, Rawaa S. Abstract: Objective: Despite the various clinical benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, their frequent and prolonged use has led to numerous health risks, including hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress can affect the lipid profile. The objective was to investigate whether post-treatment with vitamin C can ameliorate the effects of diclofenac and naproxen in the livers of prepubertal rats and to highlight their relationship with lipid profile. Methods: Forty prepubertal female albino rats were distributed among the control group, the diclofenacadministered group (5 mg/kg/day), and the naproxenadministered group (50 mg/kg/day). This study included two phases. In Phase 1, only five rats from each group were dissected after 21 days of oral administration to assess the hepatotoxic effects of nonsteroidal drugs. In Phase 2, five of the remaining animals in each intervention group were post-treated with 25 mg/kg/day of vitamin C for an additional 21 days. After the administration and post-treatment, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological signs were evaluated. Results: Extreme elevation in the levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases was observed in the diclofenac and naproxen groups compared with those in the control (p < 0.001). In addition, the levels of high- and lowdensity lipoproteins were significantly impacted in these drug groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively). Several pathological signs in the liver histology were observed in both drug groups. After post-treatment with vitamin C, noticeable amelioration of these alterations was observed. There were slightly elevation in the liver enzymes and insignificant increase and decrease in the high and lowdensity lipoproteins respectively. Conclusion: Vitamin C post-treatment ameliorated the hepatotoxicity induced by diclofenac sodium and naproxen.

Effect of dexamethasone on the growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells derived from the human alveolar bone

2024-11-05T07:58:40Z

Title: Effect of dexamethasone on the growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells derived from the human alveolar bone Authors: Tabassum, Afsheen Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on the growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells derived from the human alveolar bone. Methods: Bone particles were collected from patients during implant-site preparation. The samples were cultured in a growth medium, and the cells that propagated after twoethree weeks were cultured in three types of culture media: group 1, normal medium; group 2, osteogenic medium without dexamethasone; and group 3, osteogenic medium with dexamethasonedfor zero, four, seven, and 20 days. DNA and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurements and alizarin red/toluidine blue staining were performed. Results: DNA levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 on day 7 (p < 0.001) and in group 3 on days 4, 7, and 20 (p < 0.041, p < 0.006, and p < 0.001, respectively). Further, total ALP levels were significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 on day 20 (p < 0.023). A greater amount of matrix mineralisation was observed in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Human alveolar bone cells exhibit improved osteogenic efficacy in terms of osteogenic differentiation when cultured in the presence of dexamethasone. The cell number (total DNA content) decreased in the presence of dexamethasone; however, an increased differentiation of osteoblast-like cells was observed.

Protective cardiovascular benefits of exercise training as measured by circulating endothelial cells and high-density lipoprotein in adults

2024-11-05T07:51:31Z

Title: Protective cardiovascular benefits of exercise training as measured by circulating endothelial cells and high-density lipoprotein in adults Authors: Kumboyono, Kumboyono; Chomsy, Indah N.; Firdaus, Dylan H.; Setiawan, Meddy; Wihastuti, Titin A. Abstract: Objective: This study aims to determine the protective cardiovascular effect of aerobic exercise training by measuring cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), circulating endothelial cell (CEC), and high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in adults. Methods: This study was an experimental pre-post-test without a control group. Forty-five participants were divided into three groups based on aerobic exercise training intensity: low, moderate, and high. Whole blood samples were measured for HDL-C levels. In addition, CEC was isolated from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) samples, then identified by CD146 marker using flow cytometry. Results: CEC percentage and HDL-C increase after aerobic exercise training. There was a significant difference in CEC percentage between the intensity groups. However, there was no difference in HDL-C levels. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training can protect cardiovascular health by stimulating CEC mobilization, identified by CD146. In addition, an HDL-C level increase also contributes to cardiovascular protection by decreasing inflammation levels, inhibiting low-density lipoproteincholesterol oxidation, improving endothelial regeneration capabilities, and lowering blood glucose.

Hormonal and genetic risk factors for breast cancer in a subset of the Karachi population

2024-11-05T07:47:18Z

Title: Hormonal and genetic risk factors for breast cancer in a subset of the Karachi population Authors: Shaikh, Fouzia; Alamgir, Mohiuddin; Ahmed, Sehrish Abstract: Objective: Appraisement of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms is thought to be crucial to detect and make approaches targeting groups at risk for breast cancer (BC). Moreover, an understanding of genetic susceptibility can allow us to foresee several risk factors. The objective of our research is to evaluate the T to C base shift within TaqI (rs731236) in exon 9 and the A to G transition within Bsm1 (rs1544410) in intron 8 of the VDR gene as risk factors among BC patients. Methods: The study involved 150 BC patients with a definite histological diagnosis. Controls were agematched. DNA samples of Taq1 and Bsm1 were amplified according to the programmed protocol using a thermal cycler. The amplified PCR products were digested with Taq1 and Bsm1 restriction endonuclease enzymes. RFLP fragments were observed under UV light using 2% agarose gel and 0.5 ug/mL Ethidium bromide. Results: The highest number of BC patients (32.7%) were in the 36 to 45 age group. Ethnicity and parity were found to be statistically significant. TaqI polymorphisms showed the highest genotypic frequency for TC (Tt) at 49 (32.7%), and there were 18 patients (12.0%) and controls with high statistical significance (OD 3.6, CI 2e6.4) and a p-value < 0.0001. However, for the Bsm1 genotype, the A (B) allele may be linked with protection from BC in individuals with the AA (BB) genotype. Conclusion: A positive association was found between VDR genotypes and BC in a collective assay of Taq1 and BsmI. These results need further authentication in large cohort studies prior to applying these SNPs as promising BC markers in the Pakistani populace.