DSpace Collection:

A Scoping Review of Household Factors Contributing to Dietary Quality and Food Security in Low-Income Households with School-Age Children in the United States

2024-09-24T07:52:22Z

Title: A Scoping Review of Household Factors Contributing to Dietary Quality and Food Security in Low-Income Households with School-Age Children in the United States Authors: Eicher-Miller, Heather A.; Graves, Lisa; McGowan, Bethany; Mayfield, Barbara J.; Connolly, Blake A.; Stevens, Wanda; Abbott, Angela Abstract: ABSTRACT Low-income and food-insecure households are at risk of poor dietary quality and even more severe food insecurity. Especially in childhood, consuming a nutritionally adequate diet is an essential driver of health, growth, and development. Household-level factors can present challenges to support the nutritional needs of low-income and food-insecure household members. The aim of this scoping review is to identify the contributing household factors to dietary quality and food security in US households of school-aged children 5 to 19 years and synthesize the evidence around emergent themes for application to future interventions. The scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews using search terms addressing food insecurity, low income, and dietary behaviors in the database PubMed. Screening by 3 independent reviewers of the title, abstract, and full study phases identified 44 studies. The 5 themes around which the studies grouped were: parental behaviors, child/adolescent behaviors, food procurement behaviors, food preparation behaviors, and household environment factors. Most studies were cross-sectional (n ¼ 41, 93%) and focused on parental behaviors (n ¼ 31, 70%), followed by food preparation and procurement behaviors. The themes identified were interrelated and suggest that incorporating education on parent and child behaviors that influence food procurement and preparation, along with strengthening organization and planning in the household environment, may hold promise to improve dietary quality and food security among food-insecure and low-income households. The findings can be used to inform future nutrition education interventions aimed at improving dietary quality and food security in households with school-aged children. Keywords: food insecurity, food security, low-income, dietary quality, dietary selection, dietary behavior, family meal planning, food purchasing, household, children

Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review

2024-09-24T07:48:36Z

Title: Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review Authors: Hailu Bekele, Tesfaye; Trijsburg, Laura; Brouwer, Inge D.; de Vries, Jeanne HM.; Covic, Namukolo Abstract: ABSTRACT Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) need to be evidence-based. As part of the development of Ethiopian FBDG, we conducted an umbrella review to develop dietary recommendations. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), deficiencies of vitamin A, zinc, calcium, or folate, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected as a priority. Systematic reviews were eligible if they investigated the impact of foods, food groups, diet, or dietary patterns on priority diseases. After a search, 1513 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published from January 2014 to December 2021. The results showed that 19 out of 164 systematic reviews reported the impact of diet on PEM or micronutrient deficiencies. Daily 30–90 g whole-grain consumption reduces risk of CVD and T2DM. Pulses improve protein status, and consuming 50–150 g/d is associated with a reduced incidence of CVD and T2DM. Nuts are a good source of minerals, and consuming 15–35 g/d improves antioxidant status and is inversely associated with CVD risk. A daily intake of 200–300 mL of milk and dairy foods is a good source of calcium and contributes to bone mineral density. Limiting processed meat intake to <50 g/d reduces CVD risk. Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C. CVD and T2DM risks are reduced by consuming 200–300 g of vegetables plus fruits daily. Daily sugar consumption should be below 10% of total energy to lower risk of obesity, CVD, and T2DM. Plant-based fat has favorable nutrient profiles and modest saturated fat content. The association of saturated fatty acids with CVD and T2DM is inconclusive, but intake should be limited because of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effect. Plant-based diets lower risk of CVD and T2DM but reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The review concludes with 9 key dietary recommendations proposed to be implemented in the Ethiopian FBDG. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019125490). Keywords: healthy diet, dietary recommendations, FBDG, malnutrition, noncommunicable diseases

Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Individual Amino Acids in Humans: A Narrative Review of Recent Clinical Studies

2024-09-24T07:27:27Z

Title: Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Individual Amino Acids in Humans: A Narrative Review of Recent Clinical Studies Authors: Elango, Rajavel Abstract: ABSTRACT Individual amino acids are widely popular as supplements because of various perceived and real health benefits. However, currently, there are no recommendations set by national health agencies for tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for amino acids because of a lack of wellconducted human dose-response trials. In the past decade, under the initiative of the International Council on Amino Acid Science, a nonprofit organization, a series of UL human clinical studies were conducted. The goal of this narrative review is to summarize the studies on 6 essential amino acids (leucine, tryptophan, methionine, lysine, histidine, and phenylalanine), 2 nonessential amino acids (arginine and serine), and 2 nonproteinogenic amino acids (ornithine and citrulline) and provide the first set of ULs. A brief background of the concept of the DRI framework of UL, the concept of UL for amino acids, and a perspective of the results are also provided. The data suggest that in relatively healthy adult individuals, the tested amino acids are well tolerated, and ULs, or the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL), can be determined. The ULs were for leucine—young (35 g/d), tryptophan (4.5 g/d), and leucine—elderly (30 g/d); NOAEL and LOAEL for methionine at 3.2 and 6.4 g/d, respectively; NOAEL for arginine (30 g/d); NOAEL and LOAEL for lysine at 6 and 7.5 g/d, respectively; NOAEL and LOAEL for histidine at 8 and 12 g/d, respectively; and NOAEL for phenylalanine (12 g/d), serine (12 g/d), ornithine (12 g/d) and citrulline (24 g/d). This first set of human UL data are hoped to help national and international agencies set safety standards for supplemental amino acids. Keywords:

Are Lipid-Lowering and Antihypertensive Medications Used as Complements to Heart-Healthy Diets? A Scoping Review

2024-09-24T07:23:04Z

Title: Are Lipid-Lowering and Antihypertensive Medications Used as Complements to Heart-Healthy Diets? A Scoping Review Authors: Desjardins, Clemence; -Dussault, Marie Cyrenne; Barbier, Olivier; Belanger, Amelie; Gangloff, Anne; Drouin-Chartier, Jean-Philippe Abstract: ABSTRACT In cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, whether antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications are used as complements to hearthealthy diets has not been thoroughly assessed. This scoping review aimed to 1) analyze observational studies that assessed the relationship between diet and antihypertensive/lipid-lowering medication use and 2) evaluate whether medication was used as a complement to heart-healthy dietary intakes. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL through 14 January, 2023, for studies that assessed either 1) intraindividual changes in diet associated with lipid-lowering/antihypertensive medication initiation or use or 2) interindividual differences in diet between users and nonusers of these medications. A total of 17 studies were included. Of those, 3 prospectively assessed the intraindividual changes in diet associated with medication initiation or use, but none documented potential changes in diet prior to medication initiation. The 14 other studies compared dietary intakes of medication users and nonusers, most of which also relied on an incomplete assessment of the temporal dynamics between diet and medication use as they employed cross-sectional (n ¼ 12) or repeated cross-sectional (n ¼ 2) designs. Data from 8 studies, including 4 of the 5 studies from Europe, suggested that medication was used as a complement to heart-healthy diets, whereas data from the 9 other studies, including the 4 conducted in the United States, provided no such evidence, indicating potential between-country differences in this relationship. Finally, no studies investigated how the dynamics between diet and medication use influenced the long-term CVD risk. This scoping review suggests that the current literature on the relationship between lipid-lowering/antihypertensive medication use and diet provides an incomplete perspective on how medication may influence diet in CVD prevention. Prospective studies assessing intraindividual changes in diet associated with medication initiation and use and how these dynamics influence the CVD risk are thus needed. Keywords: cardiovascular disease prevention, lipid-lowering medication, antihypertensive medication, diet, scoping review