DSpace Collection: 975-1393

ValuingtheDiversityofResearchMethodsto AdvanceNutritionScience

2023-06-26T07:51:29Z

Title: ValuingtheDiversityofResearchMethodsto AdvanceNutritionScience Authors: Mattes, Richard D; Rowe, Sylvia B; Ohlhorst, Sarah D Abstract: The ASN Board of Directors appointed the Nutrition Research Task Force to develop a report on scientiﬁc methods used in nutrition science to advance discovery, interpretation, and application of knowledge in the ﬁeld. The genesis of this report was growing concern about the tone of discourse among nutrition professionals and the implications of acrimony on the productive study and translation of nutrition science. Too often, honest diﬀerences of opinion are cast as conﬂicts instead of areas of needed collaboration. Recognition of the value (and limitations) of contributionsfromwell-executednutritionsciencederivedfromthevariousapproachesusedinthediscipline,aswellasappreciationofhowtheir layering will yield the strongest evidence base, will provide a basis for greater productivity and impact. Greater collaborative eﬀorts within the ﬁeld of nutrition science will require an understanding that each method or approach has a place and function that should be valued and used together to create the nutrition evidence base. Precision nutrition was identiﬁed as an important emerging nutrition topic by the preponderance of task force members, and this theme was adopted for the report because it lent itself to integration of many approaches in nutrition science. Althoughtheprimaryaudienceforthisreportisnutritionresearchersandothernutritionprofessionals,asecondaryaimistodevelopadocument useful for the various audiences that translate nutrition research, including journalists, clinicians, and policymakers. The intent is to promote accurate,transparent,veriﬁableevidence-basedcommunicationaboutnutritionscience.Thiswillfacilitatereasonedinterpretationandapplication of emerging ﬁndings and, thereby, improve understanding and trust in nutrition science and appropriate characterization, development, and adoptionofrecommendations

TheEffectsofBlueberryPhytochemicalsonCell ModelsofInflammationandOxidativeStress

2023-06-26T07:47:48Z

Title: TheEffectsofBlueberryPhytochemicalsonCell ModelsofInflammationandOxidativeStress Authors: Felgus-Lavefve, Laura; Howard, Luke; Adams, Sean H; Baum, Jamie I Abstract: Blueberries have been extensively studied for the health beneﬁts associated with their high phenolic content. The positive impact of blueberry consumptiononhumanhealthisassociatedinpartwithmodulationofproinﬂammatorymolecularpathwaysandoxidativestress.Here,wereview in vitro studies examining the anti-inﬂammatory and antioxidant eﬀects of blueberry phytochemicals, discuss the results in terms of relevance to disease and health, and consider how diﬀerent blueberry components modulate cellular mechanisms. The dampening eﬀects of blueberryderivedmoleculesoninﬂammationandoxidativestressincellmodelshavebeendemonstratedthroughdownregulationoftheNF-κBpathwayand reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The modulatory eﬀects of blueberry phytochemicals on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and antioxidant system are not as well described, with inconsistent observations reported on immune cells and betweenmodelsofendothelial,dermal,andocularinﬂammation.Althoughanthocyaninsareoftenreportedasbeingthemainbioactivecompound in blueberries, no individual phytochemical has emerged as the primary compound when diﬀerent fractions are compared; rather, an eﬀect of whole blueberry extracts or synergy between diﬀerent phenolic and nonphenolic extracts seems apparent. The major molecular mechanisms of blueberryphytochemicalsareincreasinglydeﬁnedincellmodels,buttheirrelevanceinmorecomplexhumansystemsneedsfurtherinvestigation using well-controlled clinical trials, in which systemic exposures to blueberry-associated molecules are measured concurrently with physiologic indicesofinﬂammationandoxidativestress.

NutritionalSupplementsandComplementary TherapiesinPolycysticOvarySyndrome

2023-06-26T07:32:46Z

Title: NutritionalSupplementsandComplementary TherapiesinPolycysticOvarySyndrome Authors: Alesi, Simon; Ee, Carolyn; Moran, Lisa J; Rao, Vibhuti; Mousa, Aya Abstract: Polycysticovarysyndrome(PCOS)aﬀects1in5womenofreproductiveage,andischaracterizedbymenstrualirregularities,clinicalorbiochemical hyperandrogenism,andthepresenceofpolycysticovarymorphology.Oneoftherecommendedtreatmentstrategiesintheinternationalevidencebased guidelines is lifestyle modiﬁcation, which includes diet and exercise, with the aim of improving a range of health outcomes. The incurable natureofPCOSreinforcestheimportanceofdevelopingnovelandinnovativesymptomaticreliefstrategies,whicharecurrentlytheonlyavailable approachesforimprovingqualityoflifeforthesewomen.WomenwithPCOStendtobenutrientdeﬁcientinmanycommonvitaminsandminerals, thoughttobeassociatedwiththepsychological(depression,anxiety,etc.)andphysiological(insulinresistance,diabetes,infertility,etc.)sequelaeof thecondition.Nutrientsupplementationandtheintegrationofcomplementarymedicineasadjunctstotraditionallifestyle-basedtherapiesinPCOS could therefore provide additional beneﬁts to these women. In this review, we synthesize the evidence regarding nutrient supplementation and complementarytherapiesinPCOS,predominantlyfromrandomizedcontrolledtrials,systematicreviews,andmeta-analyses,toprovideanoverview ofthestateofknowledgeinthisﬁeld.Theevidencetodatesuggeststhatspeciﬁcvitamins(B-12,inositols,folate,vitaminsD,E,andK),vitamin-like nutrients(bioﬂavonoidsandα-lipoicacid),minerals(calcium,zinc,selenium,andchromiumpicolinate),andotherformulations(melatonin,ω-3fatty acids,probiotics,andcinnamon),aswellassomecomplementaryapproachessuchasacupunctureandyogamaybebeneﬁcialinPCOS.However, thereremainareasofuncertaintyandkeylimitationsintheliteraturethatmustbeovercomebeforethesetherapiescanbeintegratedintoroutine clinicalpractice.

Effectof L-ArginineSupplementationonBlood PressureinAdults:ASystematicReviewand Dose–ResponseMeta-analysisofRandomized ClinicalTrials

2023-06-26T07:25:32Z

Title: Effectof L-ArginineSupplementationonBlood PressureinAdults:ASystematicReviewand Dose–ResponseMeta-analysisofRandomized ClinicalTrials Authors: Shiraseb, Farideh; Asbaghi, Omid; Bagheri, Reza Abstract: A decade-old meta-analytic work indicated that L-arginine supplementation might have a blood pressure (BP)–lowering eﬀect in diﬀerent populations. However, several relevant investigations have emerged in the last 10 y, and an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis on thistopiciscurrentlylacking.Therefore,weaimedtoexaminetheimpactof L-argininesupplementationonBPbyconductingasystematicreview anddose–responsemeta-analysisofrandomizedplacebo-controlledclinicaltrials(RCTs).Wesearchedonlinedatabasesusingrelevantkeywordsup toApril2021toidentifyRCTsusingoral L-arginineonsystolicBP(SBP)anddiastolicBP(DBP)inadults.Inclusioncriteriawereadultparticipantsand an intervention duration≥4 d. Exclusion criteriawere the use of L-arginine infusionand acute interventions. A random-eﬀects model was used to estimate the weighted mean diﬀerence (WMD) and 95% CI. Twenty-two RCTs with 30 eﬀect sizes were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis demonstrated signiﬁcant decreases in SBP (WMD =−6.40 mmHg; 95% CI: −8.74, −4.05; P < 0.001) and DBP (WMD =−2.64 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.94, −1.40; P < 0.001) after L-arginine supplementation. Subgroup analysis showed signiﬁcant reductions in SBP and DBP regardless of baseline BP category (normotensive, hypertensive), study duration (≤24 d, >24 d), sex (female, male), health status (healthy, unhealthy), and BMI (normal, overweight, obese). No signiﬁcant changes were observed with dosages >9 g/d, trial duration >24 d, or in obese individuals. LArginine supplementation also appears to decrease DBP more eﬀectively in females than in males. Moreover, meta-regression analysis for DBP demonstratedasigniﬁcantrelationbetweenthedoseofL-arginineintakeandchangesinDBP(P=0.020).Inthenonlineardose–responseanalysis, theeﬀectivedosageofL-argininesupplementationwasdetectedtobe≥4g/dforSBP(P=0.034),independentoftrialduration.Overall,L-arginine supplementationmaybeeﬀectivefordecreasingBP.ThisstudywasregisteredatPROSPEROasCRD42021242772