1071-1398 http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4797 2026-04-27T10:57:51Z 2026-04-27T10:57:51Z Vos, Moniek Soest, Annick PM van http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5087 2023-06-17T04:58:04Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: ExploringtheInfluenceofAlcoholIndustry FundinginObservationalStudiesonModerate AlcoholConsumptionandHealth Authors: Vos, Moniek; Soest, Annick PM van Abstract: Fundingofresearchbytheindustrycanleadtosponsorshipbias.Theaimofthecurrentstudywastoconductaninitialexplorationoftheimpactof sponsorship bias in observational alcohol research by focusing on a broad spectrum of health outcomes. The purpose was to determine whether the outcome depended on funding source. We focused on moderate alcohol consumption and used meta-analyses that are the basis of several internationalalcoholguidelines.Thesemeta-analysesincludedobservationalstudiesthatinvestigatedtheassociationofalcoholconsumptionwith 14 different health outcomes, including all-cause mortality, several cardiovascular diseases and cancers, dementia, and type 2 diabetes.Subgroup analyses and metaregressions were conducted to investigate the association between moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of different health outcomes, comparing findings of studies funded by the alcohol industry, ones not funded by the alcohol industry, and studies with an unknownfundingsource.Atotalof386observationalstudieswereincluded.Twenty-one studies(5.4%)werefundedbythealcoholindustry,309 studies (80.1%) were not funded by the alcohol industry, and for the remaining 56 studies (14.5%) the funding source was unknown. Subgroup analyses and metaregressions did not show an effect of funding source on the association between moderate alcohol intake and different health outcomes.In conclusion, only a small proportion of observational studies in meta-analyses, referred to by several international alcohol guidelines, are funded by the alcohol industry. Based on this selection of observational studies the association between moderate alcohol consumption and differenthealthoutcomesdoesnotseemtoberelatedtofundingsource

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Lasschuijt, Marlou P Mars, Monica http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5086 2023-06-17T04:54:36Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EndocrineCephalicPhaseResponsestoFoodCues: ASystematicReview Authors: Lasschuijt, Marlou P; Mars, Monica Abstract: Cephalicphaseresponses(CPRs)areconditionedanticipatoryphysiologicalresponsestofoodcues.Theyoccurbeforenutrientabsorptionandare hypothesizedtobeimportantforsatiationandglucosehomeostasis.Cephalicphaseinsulinresponses(CPIRs)andpancreaticpolypeptideresponses (CPPPRs)arefoundconsistentlyinanimals,buthumanliteratureisinconclusive.Weperformedasystematicreviewofhumanstudiestodetermine the magnitude and onset time of these CPRs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were usedtodevelopasearchstrategy.Thetermsincludedinthesearchstrategywerecephalicorhormoneresponseorendocrineresponsecombined withinsulinandpancreaticpolypeptide(PP).Thefollowingdatabasesweresearched:Scopus(Elsevier),ScienceDirect,PubMed,GoogleScholar,and TheCochraneLibrary.Initially,582originalresearcharticleswerefound,50wereincludedforanalysis.Aninsulinincrease(≥1μIU/mL)wasobserved in41% ofthe treatments(totaln=119). In22% of all treatmentsthe increasewas significant frombaseline. The median(IQR) insulin increasewas 2.5(1.6–4.5)μIU/mL,30%abovebaselineat5±3min afterfoodcueonset(basedonstudytreatmentsthatinduced≥1μIU/mLinsulinincrease).A PPincrease(>10pg/mL)wasfoundin48%ofthetreatments(totaln=42).In21%ofthetreatments,theincreasewassignificantfrombaseline.The median(IQR)PPincreasewas99(26–156) pg/mL,68%above baselineat9±4min after foodcueonset(basedonstudytreatmentsthatinduced ≥1 μIU/mL insulin increase). In conclusion, CPIRs are small compared with spontaneous fluctuations. Although CPPPRs are of a larger magnitude, both show substantial variation in magnitude and onset time. We found little evidence for CPIR or CPPPR affecting functional outcomes, that is, satiationandglucosehomeostasis.Therefore,CPRsdonotseemtobebiologicallymeaningfulindailylife

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Abioye, Ajibola I Christopher T, Andersen http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5085 2023-06-17T04:50:52Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Anemia,IronStatus,andHIV:ASystematicReview oftheEvidence Authors: Abioye, Ajibola I; Christopher T, Andersen Abstract: People living with HIV (PLWHIV) are at high risk of anemia due to inadequate iron intake, HIV and opportunistic infections, and inflammation, and as a side effect of antiretroviral therapy. Though iron supplementation can reduce iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the general population, its role inanemiaandinthehealthofPLWHIVisunclearduetoconcernsthatironsupplementationmayincreaseHIVreplicationandriskofopportunistic infections.Wesystematicallyreviewedtheevidenceonindicatorsofironstatus,ironintake,andclinicaloutcomesamongadultsandchildrenwith HIV. The evidence suggests that anemia is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and incident tuberculosis among HIV-infected individuals, regardless of anemia type, and the magnitude of the risk is greater with more severe anemia. High serum ferritin is associated with adverseclinicaloutcomes,althoughitisunclearifthisisduetohighironorinflammationfromdiseaseprogression.Onelargeobservationalstudy found an increased risk of all-cause mortality among HIV-infected adults if they received iron supplementation. Published randomized controlled trialsofironsupplementationamongPLWHIVtendtohavesmallsamplesizesandhavebeeninconclusiveintermsofeffectivenessandsafety.Large randomized trials exploring approaches to safely and effectively provide iron supplementation to PLWHIV are warranted

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Ananthan, Anitha Haribalakrishna, Balasubramanian http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5082 2023-06-17T04:41:40Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: HumanMilk–ComparedwithBovineMilk–Derived FortifiersinPretermInfants:ASystematicReview andMeta-Analysis Authors: Ananthan, Anitha; Haribalakrishna, Balasubramanian Abstract: This systematic review assessed outcomes after using human milk–derived fortifier (HMF) compared with bovine milk–derived fortifier (BMF) in preterminfants.Sixrandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)wereincluded.Meta-analysisusingarandom-effectsmodelshowedthefollowingresults:1) lowerriskofnecrotizingenterocolitis(NEC;≥StageII)(RR:0.38;95%CI:0.15,0.95;P=0.04,I2 =9%;n=334,4RCTs)andsurgicalNEC(RR:0.13;95% CI:0.02,0.67;P=0.02,I2=0%;n=209,3RCTs)intheHMFgroup;2)nosignificantdifferenceinmortality(RR:0.40;95%CI:0.14,1.15;P=0.09,I2=0%; n=334,4RCTs);3)lowerweightgainintheHMFgroup[meandifference(MD)=−1.08g·kg−1·d−1;95%CI:−1.96,−0.21g·kg−1·d−1;P=0.02, I2 =0%;n=241,4RCTs],4)nodifferencesforlength(MD=−0.11cm/wk;95%CI:−0.26,0.04cm/wk;P=0.14,I2 =68%)andheadcircumference (MD=−0.02cm/wk;95%CI:−0.08,0.05cm/wk;P=0.59,I2 =23%),and5)nosignificantdifferenceinlate-onsetsepsis(RR:0.96;95%CI:0.56,1.67; P=0.90,I2 =63%;n=334, 4 RCTs). The beneficial effects ofHMF for NEC were no longer significant insensitivity analyses after excludingstudies withhighriskofbias.QualityofevidenceasperGradingofRecommendations,Assessment,DevelopmentandEvaluationanalysiswaslowtovery low,andhencetheconfidenceintheseresultsislow.Insummary,fortificationofmilkinpreterminfantswithHMFcomparedwithBMFdecreased theriskofNECbutwasassociatedwithlowerweightgain.Giventhelowqualityofevidence,adequatelypoweredandwell-designedRCTswithout theinfluenceofindustryarerequiredinthisfield

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z