305-410 (Agustus, 2021) http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4453 2026-04-30T02:36:48Z 2026-04-30T02:36:48Z Ghebreab, Luam Kool, Bridget Lee, Arier Morton, Susan http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4472 2023-04-06T07:52:41Z 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Risk factors of unintentional injury among children in New Zealand: a systematic review Authors: Ghebreab, Luam; Kool, Bridget; Lee, Arier; Morton, Susan Abstract: Objective: To identify contemporary studies investigating multifaceted and inter-linked contributory frameworks for unintentional injuries among children in New Zealand. Methods: A literature review was performed in seven databases. Studies published in English up to February 2020 reporting risk factors for child injury in New Zealand were included. Eligible study designs included: cohort, case-control and case-crossover studies. The quality of studies was assessed using the GATE frame tool. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) reporting guidelines were followed. Results: Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, dating from 1977 to 2008. The factors associated with child injury (0 to 14 years) included socioeconomic disadvantage, number of children, younger maternal age and sole parents. Vehicle speed and traffic volume were associated with an increased risk of driveway-related pedestrian injury. Conclusion: The review findings have reinforced the need for cross-agency action to address the social determinants of child injury. Implications for public health: Contemporary longitudinal studies are needed to assist in understanding how the interactions between children, family and their wider societal context affect their risk of experiencing injury over time.

2021-08-01T00:00:00Z Ewald, Ben Knibbs, Luke Marks, Guy http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4471 2023-04-06T07:49:15Z 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Opportunity to reduce paediatric asthma in New South Wales through nitrogen dioxide control Authors: Ewald, Ben; Knibbs, Luke; Marks, Guy Abstract: Objective: The main sources of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), road vehicles and electricity generation, are currently in a period of technological change. We assessed the number of cases of childhood asthma in New South Wales that could be avoided by lowering exposure to NO2 by 25% from current levels. Methods: Health impact assessment calculations for each of the 128 local government areas were based on the population of children aged 2 to 14, the prevalence of asthma derived from the 2017 NSW health survey, NO2 exposure from a land-use regression model using satellite data, and risk estimates derived from two meta-analyses and one Australian study. Results: A 25% reduction in NO2 below current exposure would lead to between 2,597 and 12,286 fewer children with asthma in NSW. The wide range in these estimates reflects the variation in concentration-response functions used. Conclusions: Even the lowest of these estimates would be a worthwhile reduction in this common childhood illness. Implications for public health: A 25% reduction in NO2 is ambitious, but it is achievable through improved vehicle exhaust standards, increasing electric vehicle numbers, and reform of the electricity sector. Current Australian ambient air quality standards for annual NO2 should be revised downwards.

2021-08-01T00:00:00Z Hurzeler, Tristan Buckley, Nicholas A. Noghrehchi, Firouzeh Malouf, Peter Page, Andrew Schumann, Jennifer L. Chitty, Kate M. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4470 2023-04-06T07:45:29Z 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Alcohol-related suicide across Australia: a geospatial analysis Authors: Hurzeler, Tristan; Buckley, Nicholas A.; Noghrehchi, Firouzeh; Malouf, Peter; Page, Andrew; Schumann, Jennifer L.; Chitty, Kate M. Abstract: Background: The acute effects of alcohol consumption are a major risk factor for suicide. Positive blood alcohol concentrations are present in almost one-third of all suicides at time of death. These suicides are defined as alcohol-related suicides. This cross-sectional study examines the geospatial distribution/clustering of high proportions of alcohol-related suicides and reports on socioeconomic and demographic risk factors. Methods: National Coronial Information System (NCIS) data were used to calculate proportions of suicides with alcohol present at the time of death for each level 3 statistical areas (SA3) in Australia. A density analysis and hotspot cluster analysis were used to visualise and establish statistically significant clustering of areas with higher (hotspots) and lower (coldspots) proportions. Subsequently, socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for alcohol use and suicide were reported on for hot and cold spots. Results: Significant clustering of areas with higher proportions of alcohol-related suicide occurred in northern Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland, as well as inland New South Wales and inland Queensland. Clustering of SA3s with significantly lower proportions occurred in major city and inner regional Sydney and Melbourne. Conclusion and implications for public health: Results from this study identify areas in which prevention strategies should target alcohol use and can be used to inform prevention strategy design. Additionally, hotspots and coldspots identified in this study can be used for further analysis to better understand contextual risk factors for alcohol-related suicide.

2021-08-01T00:00:00Z Winter, Daniel T. Geiger, Brennan Morley, Kirsten Conigrave, James Haber, Paul S. Riordan, Benjamin C. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4469 2023-04-06T07:37:35Z 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Are bottle shops using Twitter to increase advertising or encourage drinking during COVID-19? Authors: Winter, Daniel T.; Geiger, Brennan; Morley, Kirsten; Conigrave, James; Haber, Paul S.; Riordan, Benjamin C. Abstract: Objective: Preliminary reports suggested that liquor retailers used COVID-19 to promote alcohol through sponsored posts on Facebook and Instagram. To further understand the advertising practices during this period, we aimed to determine whether packaged liquor retailers increased their posts during COVID-19 or used COVID-19 to promote alcohol on Twitter. Methods: ‘Tweets’ (Twitter posts) from all packaged liquor retailers in NSW written since 2018 were collected. Tweets written during the first COVID-19 lockdown period were coded for: references of COVID-19, types of marketing message, use of links to online stores and use of an alcohol-related ‘meme’. Results: There was no evidence of increased tweet frequency, however, some COVID-specific alcohol advertising was detected that leveraged the pandemic (4.0%) or referencing the pandemic without explicitly promoting alcohol (12.0%). The most popular market messages used in the tweets were encouraging alcohol use (15.4%) and easy access to alcohol at home (9.5%). Conclusions: At least on Twitter, there was no marked increase in posts from packaged liquor retailers in NSW and only some tweets used COVID-19 to promote alcohol. Implications for public health: The use of COVID-specific alcohol marketing on social media raises important considerations for legislative and regulatory requirements, particularly during major health events such as a pandemic.

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