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Spatial Distribution of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosisin Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

2023-02-01T06:53:47Z

Title: Spatial Distribution of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosisin Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Authors: Zainuddin, Andi Alfian; Soma, Andang Suryana; Kasim, Muhammad Firdaus; Ramadany, Sri; Djaharuddin, Irawati Abstract: This study aims to determine the domicile distribution, find out the high-risk areas, and determine the risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients based on patient location in 15 districts of Makassar City from Tuberculosis register data of South Sulawesi Provincial Health Office in December 2017 – April 2019 period. Gen Xpert rapid or drug sensitivity examinations were used to define drug-resistant tuberculosis. The domicile location of patients was geocoded by maps in Google Earth and aggregated per area by using Kernel Density analysis using ArcView GIS 10.3 software. We found that drug-resistant tuberculosis cases tended to be clustered in the western part of Makassar City, an area with a fairly high population density. There were areas with the highest concentration of predicted cases as a high risk of transmission of drug-resistant TB, around the Bontoala District, Makassar District, and Mamajang District. Healthcare facilities located in hot spots area need to be equipped with molecular rapid test facilities and conduct drug sensitivity tests for all suspected tuberculosis patients. Further research needs to be carried out to determine the distribution of tuberculosis patients who are sensitive and resistant to drugs.

Constructing Instrument of Fathers Support during Pregnancy

2023-02-01T06:45:05Z

Title: Constructing Instrument of Fathers Support during Pregnancy Authors: Syam, Azniah; Musni Abstract: During pregnancy and breastfeeding, first-time mothers experience significant physical and psychological transitions. In these maternal terms, a mother demands a supportive environment to achieve a healthy pregnancy outcome. The perspective of the support recipient, in this case, the mother cannot be quantified quantitatively. It is open to multiple interpretations and is even highly subjective. So there is no appropriate level of consistency as a universal measuring tool. This study is to develop and validate an instrument for assessing Father Support During Pregnancy (FSDP) as seen by the mother by descriptive exploratory design to explore what mothers need from their husbands during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The subjective answer of 616 pregnant mothers in the second and third trimesters in June – December 2020 of four primary health care in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The four factors dimension include; emotional support; instrumental support; informational support; and appraisal support are considered as the model to achieve in this test and then validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Data were obtained via an online survey several times. This study succeeded in constructing an instrument to measure the function of a husband’s social support for his wife during pregnancy. This instrument is considered valid after going through the description and verification stages. However, because this is the first time, it requires a further maturation process, especially for participants with different sociodemographic characteristics, such as the upper-middle class. Several indicators with a loading factor value below 50% need to be considered again to be tested simultaneously on different target participants.

Working Period and CO Exposure Relationship with Changes Levels COHb of Bus Station Officer

2023-02-01T06:41:03Z

Title: Working Period and CO Exposure Relationship with Changes Levels COHb of Bus Station Officer Authors: Rachmawati, Siti; Suryadi, Iwan; Safitri, Ferlin Ayu; Firmansyah, Fathoni Abstract: Carbon monoxide inhaled into the lungs will enter the blood circulation and inhibit the entry of oxygen needed by the body. This gas combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). The increase in COHb in the blood will inhibit the function of oxygen transportation and will affect the health of workers. This study aims to determine the risk factors for increasing COHb in Tirtonadi Bus Station Surakarta officers. The research method used analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The research population was 110 respondents with a purposive sampling technique to get a research sample of 43 respondents. CO levels in the environment were measured by a CO meter, while COHb levels were measured by a spectrophotometer. The research data were analyzed using Spearman rank. Statistical correlation test showed a significant relationship between CO levels in the environment and COHb levels, p-value = 0.000 and r-value = 0.897, and no significant relationship between length of work and COHb levels with p-value = 0.285 and r-value = - 0.167. CO in the environment is related to the COHb level of traffic security officers at Tirtonadi Bus Station Surakarta, and the length of work is not related to the COHb level of traffic security officers at Tirtonadi Bus Station Surakarta.

Analysis of Basic Environmental Health Facilities Associated with Risk Factors of Diarrhea Among Toddlers

2023-02-01T04:52:10Z

Title: Analysis of Basic Environmental Health Facilities Associated with Risk Factors of Diarrhea Among Toddlers Authors: Maliga, Iga; Hasifah, Herni; Rafi’ah; Lestari, Ana; Sholihah, Nur Arifatus Abstract: Diarrheal disease in young children (toddlers) seems increasingly common in tropical countries, especially in dirty and dense urban areas. Diarrhea can last several days and cause the body to lose the fluids needed for survival. This study aimed to determine the sanitation factors that influence the incidence of diarrhea. Methods: This study used a case-control design involving 100 respondents. All respondents were divided into two groups: the case class (toddlers who had diarrhea) and the control class (toddlers who did not experience diarrhea). Results and Discussion: This showed that four sub-variables of sanitation (waste, drainage conditions, domestic wastewater management, and water source safety) had a significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea (p-value < 0.05). Domestic wastewater was the most influencing factor and securing clean water and drinking water sources, with a Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.952. There was an indication that the independent variable (sanitation) affected the dependent variable (diarrhea incidence) by 95.2%. Conclusion: The sub-variable of domestic wastewater management and the sub-variable of the safety of clean water and drinking water sources were the most affecting the incidence of diarrhea. The clean water source factor was 12 times riskier. It means children who did not get it will have 12 times the risk of getting diarrhea. Meanwhile, in the aspect of domestic wastewater management, children who did not meet the requirements for domestic wastewater have a risk of 8.13 times the incidence of diarrhea.