DSpace Collection: 255 - 428

Strategies in the development of pro-oxidant therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review

2025-07-16T02:57:46Z

Title: Strategies in the development of pro-oxidant therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review Authors: Niazi, Zainab; Mujtaba, Hassan; Ibrahim, Nurul R.; Murtey, Mogana D.; Yusop, Norhayati Abstract: Background: Pro-oxidant therapy has gained attention as newly potential approach in combating oral cancer. However, there are lack of classification and comparative analysis on extensive literatures which focuses on the different strategies and efficacy of pro-oxidant based therapies. This review aims to investigate the development of pro-oxidant therapy in treatment of oral cancer, emphasising on the fundamental knowledge behind each method, the impacts of each pro-oxidant-based method on cancer cell lines, and the future application in clinical practices. Method: The present scoping review is carried out according to the Arksey and O’Malley framework’s fourstage scoping review technique. The search was conducted from different electronic research databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to select relevant peer-reviewed studies. The search strategy includes keywords such as “strategies” “development”, “pro-oxidant”, therapy”, “oral”and “squamous cell carcinoma”. The articles were screened, by keeping in mind the inclusion and exclusion criteria, along with assessment for eligibility. The present study is registered with Open Science Framework (OSF), followed by PRISMA-ScR guidelines to increase the relevance for decision-making. Results: 313 articles were selected by searching the literature databases, 250 were identified relevant to the present scoping review topic. Following the screening criteria, only 15 articles were included in the final review for detail analysis. Conclusions: The gathered data positively contribute to more discoveries of advanced techniques for the management of cancer with minimal toxicities to improve on treatment outcomes.

Effect of biomimetic tooth mousse and toothpaste on the incidence of white spot lesions during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment: A randomized clinical trial

2025-07-16T02:55:54Z

Title: Effect of biomimetic tooth mousse and toothpaste on the incidence of white spot lesions during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment: A randomized clinical trial Authors: Assim, Samar H.; Yassir, Yassir A. Abstract: Background: The use of orthodontic fixed appliances is strongly linked to enamel demineralization. Numerous solutions have been presented; however, the best one remains controversial. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Biosmalto Impact Action Mousse (biomimetic materials) on white spot lesions (WSLs) development during orthodontic treatment. Trial design: Multicenter, parallel groups, randomized clinical trial. Methods: A computer random number generator allocated 70 orthodontic patients aged 12 or older to two groups. The control group used Colgate toothpaste daily, whereas the intervention group used Curasept toothpaste daily with the application of Curasept Biosmalto Impact Action Mousse to the anterior teeth every visit. The individuals were assessed monthly for six months. Enamel mineralization, visible plaque index (VPI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were measured on the upper and lower anterior teeth. Each tooth was assessed for enamel mineralization using the DIAGNOdent Pen, International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and Gorelick index (GOI). Results: The analysis included 62 participants (30 Colgate and 32 Curasept). Both groups had comparable DIAGNOdent pen scores at all time intervals. There was a statistically significant higher DIAGNOdent pen scores over time in both groups. No statistically significant differences were found between groups for ICDAS and GOI. The Colgate group had statistically significantly higher VPI scores at T2 (after 8 weeks), T4 (after 16 weeks), T5 (after 20 weeks), and T6 (after 24 weeks) and GBI scores at T4, T5, and T6. Limitations: The study findings only demonstrated the effect of biomimetic materials during six months of orthodontic treatment. Long-term effect is worth to be also evaluated. Conclusions: Monthly application of Biosmalto Impact Action Mousse did not seem to be more effective than fluoridated toothpaste on the development of WSLs after six months. Registration: The study was registered with Clinical- Trials.gov on July 11, 2023 (Registration No. NCT05940701).

Association of ALDH3A1 expression with tumor differentiation, pathological stage, and nodal status in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2025-07-16T02:54:27Z

Title: Association of ALDH3A1 expression with tumor differentiation, pathological stage, and nodal status in oral squamous cell carcinoma Authors: Khan, Rida Fatima; Ansari, Shazia Akbar; Bukhari, Uzma; dkk. Abstract: Objective: To observe the association between Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 (ALDH3A1) levels with histological grade, pathological stage and nodal status in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A total of 114 diagnosed OSCC patients who underwent Excisional biopsy with complete neck dissection were recruited in the study in accordance with inclusion criteria. H & E slides were assessed for evaluation of clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method was used to study the expression of ALDH3A1. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were applied to evaluate the association of ALDH3A1 expression with histological grade, nodal metastasis and pathological tumor stage (pT). All tests were two-sided and a pvalue of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study looked at 114 OSCC patients, most of them were men (76.3 %) with a mean age of 47. The common tumor sites were buccal mucosa (53.5 %) and left side predominance of face (52.6 %). The grades were well (30.7 %), moderate (38.6 %), and 3 poorly differentiated (30.7 %). The expression of ALDH3A1 is significantly strong in the well differentiated compared to the poorly differentiated OSCC (p < 0.001), and presence of nodes involvement compared to no node’s involvement (p < 0.001). The findings also suggest that ALDH3A1 expression decreases in more advanced tumors (pT4 stage, p = 0.012), with higher ALDH3A1 levels being associated with earlier stages (pT1, pT2) of OSCC. Conclusions: The decrease in expression of ALDH3A1 in a poorly differentiated and advanced stage OSCC compared to its well differentiated and early stage highlights the potential role of this biomarker as an important prognostic tool.

Assessment of glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in a tertiary care center: A comparative cross-sectional study

2025-07-16T02:52:15Z

Title: Assessment of glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in a tertiary care center: A comparative cross-sectional study Authors: Farooqi, Sadia; Ansari, Shazia Akbar; Danish, Farheen; dkk. Abstract: Background: Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and GPX4 are abundant antioxidant enzymes within the cytosol in mammalian tissues. These enzymes have the capacity to scavenge free radicals, and they play roles in various cancers, especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Objectives: 1. To compare the expression levels of GPX1 and GPX4 among different pathological stages for OSCC primary tumors. 2. To assess the associations of GPX1 and GPX4 expression with other independent variables (age, gender, site of lesion, laterality, histopathological grades, and lymph node involvement of OSCC tumor). Methods: In total, 133 prospective OSCC tissue specimens were selected from Dow Diagnostic Research and Referral Laboratory of Dow University. Expression levels of GPX1 and GPX4 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactive score (IRS) values were obtained using ImageJ software. The IRS values for GPX1 and GPX4 were compared according to the pathological stages of cancer and other independent variables. Data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and STATA. Results: Among the 133 samples, GPX4 was present in all stages of oral cancer and high IRS values mostly corresponded to moderate to strong staining intensity. By contrast, GPX1 was not found in all stages of oral cancer, and low IRS values mostly corresponded to weak staining intensity.No relationships were found with other variables. Conclusion: GPX4 was present in all stages of oral cancer and in all tissue samples, whereas GPX1 was not found in all cases. The IRS values for GPX1 and GPX4 had significant relationships with pathological stages of oral cancer.